What is the pathogenesis of dengue virus?
The pathogenesis of dengue was attributed to various viral and host factors such as non-structural protein 1 (NS1) viral antigen, DENV genome variation, subgenomic RNA, antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), memory cross-reactive T cells, anti-DENV NS1 antibodies and autoimmunity.
What is the epidemiology of dengue fever?
The number of dengue cases reported to WHO increased over 8 fold over the last two decades, from 505,430 cases in 2000, to over 2.4 million in 2010, and 5.2 million in 2019. Reported deaths between the year 2000 and 2015 increased from 960 to 4032, affecting mostly younger age group.
What is epidemiological triad of dengue?
In clinical epidemiology, the three factors have to be considered when discussing a disease or health problem. These factors are called the epidemiological triad and include host (the patient), pathogen (here, the ‘dengue virus’) and the environment.
What is dengue fever etiology and pathology?
Etiology. Dengue fever is caused by any of four distinct serotypes (DENV 1-4) of single-stranded RNA viruses of the genus Flavivirus. Infection by one serotype results in lifelong immunity to that serotype but not to others.[4][5][6]
What is pathogenesis of a disease?
Pathogenesis is the process by which an infection leads to disease. Pathogenic mechanisms of viral disease include (1) implantation of virus at the portal of entry, (2) local replication, (3) spread to target organs (disease sites), and (4) spread to sites of shedding of virus into the environment.
What is the pathogenesis of severe syndrome in dengue?
Severe dengue most commonly occurs among patients with secondary DENV infections and infants with primary infections. The most widely-cited hypothesis for the pathogenesis of severe dengue is antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE).
What are the 4 types of dengue virus?
Dengue infections are caused by four closely related viruses named DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. These four viruses are called serotypes because each has different interactions with the antibodies in human blood serum.
What pathogen causes dengue?
The pathogen
Dengue is caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family, Flavivirus genus which includes viruses such as yellow fever, West Nile and tick-borne encephalitis. There are four distinct dengue viruses without cross immunity. People can have up to four dengue infections in their lifetime.
What is the main cause of dengue?
Dengue viruses are spread to people through the bite of an infected Aedes species (Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus) mosquito. Almost half of the world’s population, about 4 billion people, live in areas with a risk of dengue.
What is the 4 stages of dengue fever?
The disease is caused by dengue viruses that have four serotypes: dengue 1, dengue 2, dengue 3 and dengue 4. Primary infection usually results in milder illness, while more severe disease occurs in cases of repeated infection with different serotypes.
What are the 5 stages of pathogenesis?
The stages of pathogenesis include exposure, adhesion, invasion, infection, and transmission.
What are the steps in viral pathogenesis?
What is the conclusion of dengue?
Conclusion. Dengue virus is a currently a problematic global infection. Diagnosis via new molecular-based techniques have become a new hope for early diagnosis, but are still limited due to their costs and standardization. The possibility of treatment of dengue via antiviral drugs is still under investigation.
What are the 3 stages of dengue fever?
Dengue begins abruptly after a typical incubation period of 5–7 days, and the course follows 3 phases: febrile, critical, and convalescent.
What type of pathogen causes dengue?
Dengue is caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family, Flavivirus genus which includes viruses such as yellow fever, West Nile and tick-borne encephalitis.
What are the two types of dengue?
There are four serotypes (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4), and the virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes (5). DENV causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from DF to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), which may progress to dengue shock syndrome (DSS) (20, 43).
What is prevention of dengue?
Use insect repellent, wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and control mosquitoes inside and outside your home. Each year, an estimated 400 million people are infected with dengue virus through the bites of infected mosquitoes. About 100 million get sick.
What is pathogenicity in epidemiology?
Specifically, pathogenicity is the quality or state of being pathogenic, the potential ability to produce disease, whereas virulence is the disease producing power of an organism, the degree of pathogenicity within a group or species.
What is the pathogenesis of viral infections?
What is the name of dengue virus?
Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever. It is a mosquito-borne, single positive-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae; genus Flavivirus. Four serotypes of the virus have been found, a reported fifth has yet to be confirmed, all of which can cause the full spectrum of disease.
What causes dengue disease?
What are the four stages of pathogenesis?
To cause disease, a pathogen must successfully achieve four steps or stages of pathogenesis: exposure (contact), adhesion (colonization), invasion, and infection.
What are the types of pathogenesis?
Types of pathogenesis include microbial infection, inflammation, malignancy and tissue breakdown. For example, bacterial pathogenesis is the process by which bacteria cause infectious illness. Most diseases are caused by multiple processes.
What is the study of pathogenesis?
Pathogenesis is defined as the origination and development of a disease. Insights into disease etiology and progression, the two major aspects of pathogenesis, are paramount in the prevention, management and treatment of various diseases.