What is street-level discretion?
Street-level bureaucrats refer to frontline staff such as police officers, social workers, teachers, etc. (Lipsky 1980, xii; Maynard‐Moody and Portillo 2010, 258). Discretion refers to their capacity to follow or deviate from rules and procedures to address client needs and circumstances (Hupe and Buffat 2014, 551).
What is Lipsky’s theory?
In particular, Lipsky suggests that the extensive unmet demand from clients means that even substantial expansion of staff and budgets are unlikely to decrease workload pressures. Instead, he predicted that increased capacity would result in ongoing expansion of the same level of service quality at a higher volume.
What is the theory of representative bureaucracy?
The theory of representative bureaucracy suggests that a public workforce representative of the people in terms of race, ethnicity, and sex will help ensure that the interests of all groups are considered in bureaucratic decision-making processes.
What does Lipsky mean by the term street-level bureaucrat?
Street-level bureaucrats are “public service workers who interact directly with citizens in the course of their jobs, and who have substantial discreation in the execution of their work” (Lipsky 1980).
What is street level?
: at the same level as the street. Our apartment is at street level.
What does it mean for street-level bureaucrats to exercise discretion?
Michael Lipsky states street level bureaucrats have discretion because human judgment is in the nature of service work that machines could not replace. Street level bureaucrats are responsible for making appropriate decisions that are appropriate for clients and their situations.
Who coined the term street-level bureaucrats?
Michael Lipsky
The concept of street-level bureaucracy was first coined by Michael Lipsky in 1969, who argued that “policy implementation in the end comes down to the people [(the street-level bureaucrats)] who actually implement it”.
What are street-level bureaucrats and what dilemmas do they face in their work?
The core dilemma of street-level bureaucrats is that they are supposed to help people or make decisions about them on the basis of individual cases, yet the structure of their jobs makes this impossible.
What are the two types of representative bureaucracy?
Political theorists delineate two types of representative bureaucracy: passive and active. Passive representation describes a bureaucracy that demographically mirrors its constituents.
What are the types of bureaucracy?
There are five types of organizations in the federal bureaucracy:
- Cabinet departments.
- Independent executive agencies.
- Independent regulatory agencies.
- Government corporations.
- Presidential commissions.
What are the two coping strategies of street-level bureaucrats?
They make policy by using their wide autonomy to adopt coping mechanisms, such as limiting client demand and creaming (cherry- picking). Winter and Nielsen have developed this into (1) reducing demand for output, (2) rationing output and (3) automating output. These distinctions are briefly clarified in the article.
Why should street-level bureaucrats have discretion?
What is a street level character?
Street-level characters are characters who seem fit to be street-level, that don’t look weird in fighting small criminality and protecting the streets.
Why do street-level bureaucrats have discretion?
Which challenge do street-level bureaucrats often face?
Street-level bureaucrats typically face the following key challenges: Inadequate resources. The resources at their disposal are chronically inadequate relative to the tasks they are required to perform. This resource inadequacy can take various forms.
What is the difference between active and passive representation?
Types of Bureaucratic representation
Active representation is a process while passive representation is a characteristic. The possible linkage between active and passive is one that is complex and perplexing.
What are the 5 principles of bureaucracy?
Bureaucratic principles include; hierarchy, job specialization, division of labor, formal rules, procedures, equality, and recruitment on merit.
What are the 6 principles of bureaucracy?
Max Weber identified six bureaucracy principles: rationality, hierarchy, expertise, rules-based decision making, formalization, and specialization.
- Authority Hierarchy.
- Formal Rules and Regulations.
- Division of Labour (Specializations)
- Impersonality.
- Career Orientation.
- Formal Selection Process.
What does street level mean?
What makes a street level hero?
A street-level superhero can be defined as a character who doesn’t have any powers or their powers are low level. Daredevil can be considered street-level because his abilities have some basis in reality.
What is passive representative?
Studies of passive representation examine whether the composition of bureaucracies mirrors the demographic composition of the general population. Passive representation exists when bureaucracy’s demographic characteristics demonstrate the demographic characteristics of the population.
What is Max Weber theory?
The Max Weber Theory of Bureaucracy proposes that all business tasks must be divided among the employees. The basis for the division of tasks should be competencies and functional specializations. In this way, the workers will be well aware of their role and worth in the organization and what is expected of them.
What are the 3 models of bureaucracy?
MODELS OF BUREAUCRACY WHICH PERMIT CONFLICT*
What was Max Weber theory?
What is street level power?
A street-level superhero can be defined as a character who doesn’t have any powers or their powers are low level. Daredevil can be considered street-level because his abilities have some basis in reality. Some of the most interesting stories are told through the eyes of a street-level superhero.