What is a high rate thickener?
High-Rate Thickeners separate liquids from solids using hindered settling. Rotating rake arms collect settled sludge and move it toward the center discharge cone. They use minimal amounts of polymers/chemicals to drop the solids, making High-Rate Thickeners environmentally friendly.
How does a thickener work?
Thickening is a process where a slurry or solid-liquid mixture is separated to a dense slurry containing most of the solids and an overflow of essentially clear water (or liquor in leaching processes).
How do I control my thickener?
The control of the thickener must accommodate fluctuations in the process stream. This control is achieved by manipulating both the flocculant addition and the rate of underflow pumping. However fluctuations in ore type cause random changes in the required flocculant dosing.
What is a paste thickener?
Paste/thickened tailings is a term for a non-Newtonian suspension of solids which are relatively non-settling and non-segregating. It has a self-supporting structure and, when deposited on the ground, will form an ‘angle of repose’. A network of bonded fine particles accounts for the non-Newtonian properties.
What is the difference between a thickener and a clarifier?
Thickeners and clarifiers are both used to separate solids and liquid, but how do they differ? Simply put, Thickeners focus on the settled solids, and clarifiers focus on the clear overflow liquor — the name given to a solution free of suspended solids.
What is Torque in thickener?
Torque is nothing more than a rotary force being applied from the rake arms to the drive shaft. It is the degree of torque that indicates to the operator the load that is in the thickener and when the rake arms have to be lifted.
What are the different types of thickening agents?
Types of Thickening Agents
- Roux. Roux (roo) is a cooked mixture of equal parts by weight of flour and fat such as clarified butter, margarine, shortening, animal fats, vegetable oil or rendered meat drippings.
- Beurre manié
- Liaison.
- Whitewash.
- Cornstarch.
- Arrowroot.
- Slurry.
- Waxy Maize.
What is a natural thickening agent?
Plant seed/root-based thickeners are widely used in foods but not in personal care formulations. The most significant materials are konjac mannan, locust bean, guar, and tara gum. These are galactomannans that react synergistically to build viscosity when combined with xanthan.
What is the function of clarifier?
A clarifier is generally used to remove solid particulates or suspended solids from liquid for clarification and (or) thickening. Concentrated impurities, discharged from the bottom of the tank are known as sludge, while the particles that float to the surface of the liquid are called scum.
What is the purpose of a thickener in mining?
Mining thickeners are the common equipment for dewatering process in mineral processing plants. They are used to concentrate thinner pulp into thicker pulp and separate liquids containing little or no solid matter.
How do you calculate torque for thickening?
The current method for torque (T) estimation is to use an empirical equation: T = KGd2 where KG is an empirically determined value and d is the thickener diameter.
What is sludge thickening?
Sludge thickening is a process in which the solids concentration is increased and the total sludge volume is correspondingly decreased, but the sludge still behaves like a liquid instead of a solid.
What are the 3 main types of thickening agents?
Examples of thickening agents include: polysaccharides (starches, vegetable gums, and pectin), proteins (eggs, collagen, gelatin, blood albumin) and fats (butter, oil and lards). All purpose flour is the most popular food thickener, followed by cornstarch and arrowroot or tapioca.
What is the best thickener?
Potato starch is arguably one of the greatest thickeners out there. Use it like cornstarch, but know that it has the toughest thickening power of all the common starches and can withstand high temperatures. Potato starch has a mild flavor and blends clearly and smoothly into most recipes.
What is the healthiest thickening agent?
Easy-to-access alternatives are wheat flour, arrowroot flour, and rice flour. These are good alternatives to cornstarch because they are more nutritious and contain fewer carbohydrates and calories. Xanthan and guar gum are much stronger thickeners than cornstarch, but they can be harder to obtain and use.
What are the types of clarifiers?
Types of Clarifier
It ranges from primary, secondary, circular, rectangular, lamella, and solids contact clarifiers. In this blog, we aim to discuss briefly the primary and secondary clarifier in wastewater treatment and elaborate more about the secondary clarifier.
How many types of thickeners are there?
The thickeners can be classified into two types depending on location of rake driving mechanism. They are known as either Centrally driven or Peripherally driven. Further, under centrally driven type there are two types depending on method of supporting the drive mechanism and the raking arms.
What is thickener torque?
It is the degree of torque that indicates to the operator the load that is in the thickener and when the rake arms have to be lifted. Usually there is a point on the thickener torque indicator where the power to the rakes will be shut off if the torque should happen to become too great.
Why is starch used as a thickening agent?
Starch-based thickening agents are polysaccharides. Large molecular weight carbohydrates which interact and form gels or thickened dispersions when in contact with water. Amylose and Amylopectin are two major polysaccharides in starches that are responsible for thickening foods.
What is gravity thickener?
Gravity thickening is the process by which biosolids are condensed to produce a concentrated solids product and a relatively solids-free supernatant. The biosolids technology fact sheet for gravity thickening provides: A description of gravity thickening. Applicability to wastewater treatment plants.
What is the difference between thickening and dewatering?
Sludge thickening normally refers to the process of reducing the free water content of sludges; whereas, dewatering refers to the reduction of floc-bound and capillary water content of sludges. See Tables 17-1 and 17-2 for typical performance expectations for various thickening and dewatering processes, respectively.
What is the best thickening agent?
Cornstarch is the most common thickening agent used in the industry. It is mixed with water or juice and boiled to make fillings and to give a glossy semi-clear finish to products.
What is the healthiest thickener?
What’s the best thickener?
The best flour to use as a thickener is all-purpose flour because it’s higher in starch than other wheat flours. Cornstarch is a pure starch derived from corn. It can withstand a good amount of cooking and stirring before it begins to break down.