Can Neisseria meningitidis cause pneumonia?
Neisseria meningitidis is an uncommon cause of pneumonia. Defining N. meningitidis as the etiologic agent of pneumonia is problematic because of the apparent rarity of meningococcal pneumonia and the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of the organism in the upper respiratory tract.
How do you confirm Neisseria meningitidis?
N. meningitidis can be identified using Kovac’s oxidase test and carbohydrate utilization. If the oxidase test is positive, carbohydrate utilization testing should be performed. If the carbohydrate utilization test indicates that the isolate may be N.
How is pneumococcal meningitis diagnosed?
Pneumococcal meningitis is generally diagnosed through a spinal tap. This involves your doctor collecting a sample of the fluid in your spine. By testing this fluid, your doctor can figure out whether you have pneumococcal meningitis.
Is Neisseria meningitidis oxidase positive or negative?
N. meningitidis is a fastidious, encapsulated, aerobic gram-negative diplococcus. Colonies are positive by the oxidase test and most strains utilize maltose.
What is Neisseria pneumonia?
Neisseria meningitidis remains the most important cause of bacterial meningitis worldwide. The second most common and potentially severe end-organ manifestation of invasive meningococcal disease is meningococcal pneumonia. It occurs between 5 % and 15 % of all patients with invasive meningococcal disease.
What toxin is produced in meningococcal pneumonia?
This can lead to diseases of high morbidity and mortality such as pneumonia, septicaemia and meningitis. A key virulence factor in these events is the pneumococcal toxin, pneumolysin, which is a 53Kd protein produced by virtually all clinical isolates of the pneumococcus [1].
What are the characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis?
CHARACTERISTICS: Neisseria meningitidis belongs to the family Neisseriaceae 2. It is a Gram-negative, non-spore forming, non-motile, encapsulated, and non acid-fast diplococci, which appears in kidney bean shape under the microscope 1 3.
How do you differentiate between N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis?
gonorrhoea is kidney shaped with apposing ends concave. N. meningitidis is semicircular diplococcus with flat apposing ends.
What is the difference between pneumococcal meningitis and meningococcal meningitis?
Pneumococcal Pneumococcal disease is caused by the bacteria known as Streptococcus pneumoniae or pneumococcus, while meningococcal disease is caused by a bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis, or meningococcus.
How do you test for Streptococcus pneumoniae?
pneumoniae can be identified using Gram stain, catalase, and optochin tests simultaneously, with bile solubility as a confirmatory test. If these tests indicate that the isolate is S. pneumoniae, serological tests to identify the serotype can be performed.
Is Neisseria meningitidis catalase positive?
Microbiology and Laboratory Diagnosis
Neisseria species are gram-negative, oxidase-positive bacteria. All are catalase-positive, except N. bacilliformis and N. elongata.
Where is Neisseria meningitidis found?
N. meningitidis bacteria are found in the nose and throat without causing disease. Most people exposed to N. meningitidis do not become ill.
Is Neisseria meningitidis bacteria Gram positive or Gram-negative?
Neisseria meningitidis, a Gram-negative diplococcus known as the meningococcus, continues to be among the most important causes of bacterial meningitis worldwide.
Which type of meningitis is also a frequent cause of pneumonia?
Pneumococcal meningitis is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria (also called pneumococcus, or S pneumoniae). This type of bacteria is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults.
What bacteria causes pneumococcal pneumonia?
Pneumococcal [noo-muh-KOK-uhl] disease is a name for any infection caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus. Pneumococcal infections can range from ear and sinus infections to pneumonia and bloodstream infections.
What test is most useful for differentiating staphylococci from streptococci?
The catalase test is a particularly important test used to determine whether the Gram + cocci is a staphylococci or a streptococci. Catalase is an enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas.
What test will differentiate Streptococcus from Neisseria?
All species of Neisseria produce the enzyme oxidase; the oxidase test is very important in the identification of this organism and easily sets Neisseria apart from the preceding two genera discussed (as does the negative gram reaction). Neisseria is also catalase-positive, distinguishing it from Streptococcus.
What is pneumococcal meningitis?
Pneumococcal meningitis is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria (also called pneumococcus, or S pneumoniae). This type of bacteria is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults. It is the second most common cause of meningitis in children older than age 2. Risk factors include: Alcohol use.
What infections does Neisseria meningitidis cause?
Bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis cause meningococcal disease. About 1 in 10 people have these bacteria in the back of their nose and throat without being ill.
Who is most at risk for pneumococcal meningitis?
Young children and adults over age 50 have the highest risk for death.
Can you have pneumonia and meningitis?
Pneumococcal disease is caused by bacteria. It can lead to pneumonia, ear infections, and blood infections. It can also inflame the coverings of the brain and spinal cord, which is called meningitis.
How do you test for pneumococcal pneumonia?
Doctors can use a urine test to help make a diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults. Doctors usually diagnose ear and sinus infections based on a history and physical exam findings that support pneumococcal infection. Doctors use a lumbar puncture to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid.
What’s the difference between pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia?
Pneumonia can be classified into bacterial, viral, fungal or aspiration as the cause. Pneumococcal pneumonia specifically refers to a pneumonia caused by the Strep pneumo bacteria,” Dr. Jenkins says.
What is one way you can distinguish between a Streptococcus and a Staphylococcus infection?
The catalase test is a particularly important test used to determine whether the Gram + cocci is a staphylococci or a streptococci. Catalase is an enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas. The test is easy to perform; bacteria are simply mixed with H 2O 2.
What test can differentiate the three major species of Staphylococcus?
The major test reaction to use in Staphylococcus identification is the coagulase test reaction, which divides the genus Staphylococcus into 2 groups—coagulase negative species and coagulase positive species.