How are levels of POU5F1 expression regulated?
The expression of POU5F1 is controlled by cis-regulatory elements, located 5′ upstream from the initiation site of transcription [2, 10]. The regulatory region of POU5F1 is highly conserved among species; and usually contains four conserved regions (CR) within the promoter.
What type of protein is Oct4?
Octamer-binding transcription factor 4, OCT-4, is a transcription factor protein that is encoded by the POU5F1 gene and is part of the POU (Pit-Oct-Unc) family. OCT-4 consists of an octamer motif, a particular DNA sequence of AGTCAAAT that binds to their target genes and activates or deactivates certain expressions.
What is the importance of Oct4?
Oct4 mainly functions through the activation of pluripotency-associated and self-renewal-associated genes, while simultaneously repressing genes that promote differentiation, in coordination with other pluripotency factors and coregulators.
What does Sox2 stand for?
SRY-box transcription factor 2
SRY-box transcription factor 2.
Which group of genes in mice are responsible for body patterning?
We therefore conclude that paralogous group 8 Hox genes are involved in patterning quite an extensive anteroposterior (AP) axial region. Phenotypes of double and triple mutants reveal that Hoxb8, Hoxc8 and Hoxd8 have redundant functions at upper thoracic and sacral levels, including positioning of the hindlimbs.
What does Oct4 bind to?
OCT4 supports transcription factor binding at distal regulatory elements to regulate pluripotency-associated genes. A defining feature of pioneer transcription factors is their capacity to support additional transcription factor occupancy, potentially through alteration of local chromatin structure.
How do Yamanaka factors work?
Yamanaka factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) are highly expressed in embryonic stem (ES) cells, and their over-expression can induce pluripotency in both mouse and human somatic cells, indicating that these factors regulate the developmental signaling network necessary for ES cell pluripotency.
What does OCT4 bind to?
Is OCT4 an oncogene?
Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) is a key regulatory gene that maintains the pluripotency and self-renewal properties of embryonic stem cells. Although there is emerging evidence that it can function as oncogene in several cancers, the role in mediating cervical cancer remains unexplored.
What is Sox2 a marker of?
Sex-determining region Y-related HMG box 2 (SOX2) is a well-established marker of neural stem and progenitor cells, and its function was shown to be required for the self-renewal of these cells.
What is Sox2 genetic disorder?
SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal development of the eyes and other parts of the body. People with SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome are usually born without eyeballs (anophthalmia), although some individuals have small eyes (microphthalmia).
Why are Hox genes called Hox genes?
Nomenclature. The Hox genes are named for the homeotic phenotypes that result when their function is disrupted, wherein one segment develops with the identity of another (e.g. legs where antennae should be).
What is the difference between homeobox and Hox genes?
The key difference between homeobox and hox genes is that homeobox genes are mainly involved in the regulation of the entire morphogenesis process, while hox genes are a subset of homeobox genes which only regulate the formation of axes and appendages in organisms.
Is Oct4 an oncogene?
What is the role of Oct4 in embryonic stem cells?
Oct4 is a key component of the pluripotency regulatory network, and its reciprocal interaction with Cdx2 has been shown to be a determinant of either the self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or their differentiation into trophoblast.
How do you induce pluripotency?
The four classical transcription factors that have been demonstrated to induce pluripotency are Oct4, Sox2, cMyc, and Klf4. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors, after the researcher who discovered their reprogramming effects. Multiple methods can be used to induce expression of these transcription factors.
What are Yamanaka genes?
Yamanaka genes are group of four essential genes in our body that are responsible for regenerating old cells or growing new cells.They are also know as OSKM(Oct4,Sox2,Klf4 & Myc) & are named after Japanese scientist Shinya Yamanaka.
What is SOX2 genetic disorder?
Is SOX2 a transcription factor?
Sox2 is a member of the Sox family of transcription factors. The Sox gene family was first defined by the discovery of the mammalian testis-determining factor, Sry[8,9]. Proteins of the Sox family all share a highly conserved high-mobility-group (HMG) DNA binding domain.
What syndrome causes small eyes?
Anophthalmia is a birth defect where a baby is born without one or both eyes. Microphthalmia is a birth defect in which one or both eyes did not develop fully, so they are small.
How many people are missing an eye?
An estimated 285 million people are living with sight loss worldwide, with 39 million people who are blind and 246 million people who are partially sighted. Globally, the leading causes of sight loss are uncorrected refractive error and cataract [48].
What is the role of Hox genes?
HOX genes are a family of regulatory genes that encode transcription factors and are essential during embryonic development. These genes are highly conserved between species such that all metazoans possess a common genetic system for embryonic patterning.
What are Hox genes simple definition?
Hox Genes. Hox genes are members of the homeotic transcription factor family that play a key role in controlling the body plan along the cranio-caudal axis (also referred to as anterior–posterior), and specify segment identity of tissues within the embryo.
What functions do homeobox genes play a role in?
Homeobox genes play a crucial roles in specifying cell identity and positioning during embryonic development, and mutations in these genes can cause dramatic developmental defects including loss of specific structures as well as changes in the identity of a body part or segment, which are known as ‘homeotic …