How is aircraft value calculated?
Market value of the aircraft will be based on one of these two approaches: (1) Upon an assumed average physical condition and mid-life maintenance time status, depending on the nature of the appraisal assignment, or (2) based on actual or given physical condition and/or maintenance time status.
What is aircraft valuation?
Aircraft Value means, at any time, with respect to any Aircraft, the Current Market Value, determined by taking the average of the three appraised values as reflected in the Appraisal Reports then most recently delivered to the Agent with respect to such Aircraft, including pursuant to Section 9.17, 9.18(a), 9.18(c) or …
What is aircraft VREF?
VREF or vref may stand for: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, an antibiotic-resistant microorganism. VREF speed, the reference landing approach speed of an aircraft; see V speeds § Regulatory V-speeds.
Is VREF accurate?
VREF offers an ideal example of this in being a trusted and accurate aircraft valuation service for Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA). Recommended by AOPA, VREF provides additional services that allow pilots to receive a more accurate appraisal and verified values.
How is VREF calculated?
The calculation uses 1.3Vso(cas) multiplied by the square root of your Landing Weight, divided by your max take-off weight (or Gross Weight).
What is Vapp and VREF?
Final approach speed is commonly known as Vref (or Vapp). This is the speed at which the aircraft should be flown once the final stage of landing flap has been selected. Vref is often calculated by the pilots using the FMC/FMS hence no Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) function is required.
What is VSO in aviation?
VS0 means the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration. VS1 means the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed obtained in a specific configuration. VSR means reference stall speed.
What is P factor in aviation?
P-factor, also known as asymmetric blade effect and asymmetric disc effect, is an aerodynamic phenomenon experienced by a moving propeller, where the propeller’s center of thrust moves off-center when the aircraft is at a high angle of attack.
What is V1 V2 and VR?
The airplane manufacturer provides these performance figures determined during flight testing. This flight testing also provides the proper rotation speeds for each condition. The pilot not flying announces to the pilot flying three critical speeds — V1, Rotate (Vr) and V2 (the safety speed for an engine failure).
What is the lift equation?
The lift equation states that lift L is equal to the lift coefficient Cl times the density r times half of the velocity V squared times the wing area A. L = Cl * A * .5 * r * V^2. For given air conditions, shape, and inclination of the object, we have to determine a value for Cl to determine the lift.
What is prop balancing?
Propeller balancing is the practice of taking vibration out of the propeller unit. Placed on a pivot axle, two-blade propeller balancing is accomplished by removing material from the heaviest blade to make both blades of the propeller weigh the same.
Why do pilots say V1?
A: V1 is the speed by which time the decision to continue flight if an engine fails has been made. It can be said that V1 is the “commit to fly” speed. V2 is the speed at which the airplane will climb in the event of an engine failure. It is known as the takeoff safety speed.
Why do pilots say V1 rotate?
Pilots say rotate because it is a verbal queue that an airplane has reached its predetermined rotation speed (frequently abbreviated to Vr). This is the speed at which control inputs can be applied to lift the nose off the runway and make the airplane fly away.
What is 1/2 in the lift formula?
As we all (should) know, the lift formula gives us a good representation of what is going on: L = 1/2 ρ V2 × S × CL. Where 1/2 ρ V2 is air density times true airspeed resulting in dynamic energy, S is wing area and CL the coefficient lift.
How does AOA increase lift?
The Angle of Attack for an Airfoil
The Newton’s 3rd law reaction force upward on the wing provides the lift. Increasing the angle of attack can increase the lift, but it also increases drag so that you have to provide more thrust with the aircraft engines.
What is P-factor in aviation?
What are the two methods used for balancing a propeller?
In addition to static balancing, most propellers benefit from dynamic balancing. Dynamic balancing is the process of measuring the vibration of the entire propeller and engine assembly while it is in operation.
What does squawk 7777 mean?
Under normal circumstance even interception missions are supposed to work with ATC. Squawking 7777 is sort of a last resort thing for the DoD to tell ATC to get out of their way and get everything else out of their way.
Why do pilots say Niner?
Aviators often speak “pilot English” to avoid miscommunications over radio transmission. “Tree” for instance, means three, “fife” is the number five and “niner” means nine, says Tom Zecha, a manager at AOPA. The variations stemmed from a desire to avoid confusion between similar-sounding numbers, he says.
What is V in lift formula?
In the lift equation, v is also known as the true airspeed. This is defined as the real, measured speed that the aircraft attains in flight. Similarly, ρ is air density, so the value of this variable depends on the height at which you want to find the lift and if it changes, altitude is influenced too.
What is the SI unit of lift?
Lift force is perpendicular to the local flow direction. Lift force working like bouncy force in liquid. Its SI unit is Newton.
What is the lift formula?
The lift equation states that lift L is equal to the lift coefficient Cl times the density r times half of the velocity V squared times the wing area A. For given air conditions, shape, and inclination of the object, we have to determine a value for Cl to determine the lift.
What is the best angle for a wing?
Wings are typically mounted at a small positive angle of incidence, to allow the fuselage to have a low angle with the airflow in cruising flight. Angles of incidence of about 6° are common on most general aviation designs.
How can I increase my propeller efficiency?
The following are the factors that help in improving the propeller efficiency.
- Propeller Diameter. It is observed that the speed of the shaft and the propeller diameter are very closely related.
- RPM.
- Number of blades.
- Blade Outline.
- Angle of Attack & Camber.
- Pitch/Diameter ratio.
- Stern Tunnels.
- Schneekluth ducts.