What are carbohydrates MCQS?
Explanation: Basically, carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketones, or compounds that can be break down to them. Mostly carbohydrates contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as in water, hence it is also called as hydrates of carbon.
Which process is responsible for absorption of carbohydrates Mcq?
DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF CARBOHYDRATES
The main site of absorption is mouth and small intestine. Dietary carbohydrates are polysaccharides(glycogen, starch and cellulose), disaccharides(sucrose and lactose) and monosaccharide(glucose and fructose).
What is the site for gluconeogenesis Mcq?
What is the site for gluconeogenesis? Explanation: Gluconeogenesis in animals takes place in the liver as well as some extent in the kidney cortex. The kidney is capable of making glucose during the condition of starvation and can make up to 50% of glucose. 3.
What is carbohydrate metabolism?
Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis, enter into the Kreb’s cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP.
Which is the smallest carbohydrate?
The smallest carbohydrates are monosaccharides such as glucose whereas polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose and glycogen can be large and even indeterminate in length. The energy produced by carbohydrates is 4 calories per gram.
Which is reducing sugar?
The common dietary monosaccharides galactose, glucose and fructose are all reducing sugars. Disaccharides are formed from two monosaccharides and can be classified as either reducing or nonreducing.
Which metabolic pathway produces carbohydrates?
Gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway represent the two main anabolic pathways to produce new carbohydrate molecules.
What is the site for gluconeogenesis?
Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver and kidneys. Gluconeogenesis supplies the needs for plasma glucose between meals. Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by the diabetogenic hormones (glucagon, growth hormone, epinephrine, and cortisol). Gluconeogenic substrates include glycerol, lactate, propionate, and certain amino acids.
How many ATP are used in gluconeogenesis?
Overall, this cycle is metabolically costly: glycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules at a cost of 6 ATP molecules consumed in the gluconeogenesis.
Why is gluconeogenesis in the liver?
What are the 4 main stages of metabolism?
Here are the four stages:
- Infancy. By far the most metabolically active period in our lives.
- Adolescence. Calorie burn goes down.
- Adulthood. Then, it settles on a plateau.
- Advanced age. Metabolism drops from the plateau and slows down further.
What are the 3 stages of metabolism?
Catabolism: The Breakdown
- Stage 1: Glycolysis for glucose, β-oxidation for fatty acids, or amino acid catabolism.
- Stage 2: Citric Acid Cycle (or Kreb cycle)
- Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain and ATP synthesis.
What are the 4 main functions of carbohydrates?
They are energy production, energy storage, building macromolecules, sparing protein, and assisting in lipid metabolism.
What is in Benedict’s reagent?
Benedict’s reagent, also known as Benedict’s solution, is a chemical reagent which is made up of a complex mixture of sodium citrate, sodium carbonate, and the pentahydrate of copper(II) sulfate.
Why polysaccharides are non-reducing?
Note that sucrose and trehalose do not have free anomeric carbons, and therefore are not reducing sugars. A reducing sugar is a mono- or oligosaccharide that contains a hemiacetal or a hemiketal group. All monosaccharides above are reducing sugars, and all polysaccharides are non-reducing.
How many ATP are produced in carbohydrate metabolism?
Energy production
Typically, the complete breakdown of one molecule of glucose by aerobic respiration (i.e. involving both glycolysis and the citric-acid cycle) is usually about 30–32 molecules of ATP.
What hormone regulates carbohydrate metabolism?
Insulin
Insulin is the key hormone of carbohydrate metabolism, it also influences the metabolism of fat and proteins. It lowers blood glucose by increasing glucose transport in muscle and adipose tissue and stimulates the synthesis of glycogen, fat, and protein.
What are the 3 irreversible steps of glycolysis?
3 irreversible steps in glycolysis: hexokinase; phosphofructokinase; pyruvate kinase. New enzymes are needed to catalyze new reactions in the opposite direction for gluconeogenesis. Additional needs for transport. 1.
Where is glycogen stored?
When the body doesn’t need to use the glucose for energy, it stores it in the liver and muscles. This stored form of glucose is made up of many connected glucose molecules and is called glycogen.
Is gluconeogenesis anabolic or catabolic?
anabolism
An example of anabolism is gluconeogenesis. This is when the liver and kidneys produce glucose from noncarbohydrate sources. Catabolism is what happens when you digest food and the molecules break down in the body for use as energy.
Which hormone is responsible for gluconeogenesis?
Insulin and glucagon are the most important hormones regulating hepatic gluconeogenesis. They demonstrated antagonistic effects on blood glucose levels.
What are the types of metabolism?
There are two categories of metabolism: catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is the breakdown of organic matter, and anabolism uses energy to construct components of cells, such as proteins and nucleic acids.
Why is ATP important in metabolism?
What Is ATP an Important Molecule in Metabolism? There are essentially two reasons ATP is so important: It’s the only chemical in the body that can be directly used as energy. Other forms of chemical energy need to be converted into ATP before they can be used.
What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?
Carbs come in many different forms, but the main three are starch, fiber, and sugar.
What are the 7 functions of carbohydrates?
Functions of Carbohydrates
- Providing energy and regulation of blood glucose.
- Sparing the use of proteins for energy.
- Breakdown of fatty acids and preventing ketosis.
- Biological recognition processes.
- Flavor and Sweeteners.
- Dietary fiber.