What are the 4 categories of runway incursions?
Runway Incursion Severity
| Category C | Category B |
|---|---|
| An incident characterized by ample time and/or distance to avoid a collision. | An incident in which separation decreases and there is a significant potential for collision, which may result in a time critical corrective/ evasive response to avoid a collision. |
How often do runway incursions occur?
Approximately one runway incursion occurs each day in the United States, and the potential for a catastrophic accident is “unacceptable,” according to the FAA’s risk/severity matrix.
What is a runway object free area?
The runway object free area (OFA) is centered on the runway centerline. The runway OFA clearing standard requires clearing the OFA of above ground objects protruding above the runway safety area edge elevation.
Who controls runway Statuslights?
Air Traffic Control
Clearance to enter, cross, or takeoff from a runway must still be issued by Air Traffic Control. Although Air Traffic Control has limited control over the system, personnel do not directly use, and may not be able to view, light fixture output in their operations.
Do you need Raim If you have WAAS?
WAAS enhances the reliability of the GPS system and thus no longer requires a RAIM check if WAAS coverage is confirmed to be available along the entire route of flight; in this case the pilot can plan the flight to a destination and file an alternate airport using only the WAAS navigation capabilities.
What are the 3 most common causes of runway incursions?
Most Common Runway Incursion Types
Incorrect runway crossing by an aircraft or vehicle (without or contrary to ATC clearance or due to incorrect ATC clearance) Incorrect spacing between successive arriving or arriving and departing or departing and arriving aircraft. Landing without ATC Clearance.
What are the three types of runway incursions?
The FAA categorizes runway incursions into three error types: pilot deviations, operational errors/deviations, and vehicle/pedestrian deviations.
How many feet is a runway Protection Zone?
Table 2-4. Runway protection zone (RPZ) dimensions
| Approach Visibility Minimums 1/ | Facilities Expected To Serve | Dimensions |
|---|---|---|
| Length L Feet (meters) | ||
| Visual And Not lower than 1-Mile (1 600 m) | Small Aircraft Exclusively | 1,000 (300) |
| Aircraft Approach Categories A & B | 1,000 (300) | |
| Aircraft Approach Categories C & D | 1,700 (510) |
What is a Group 3 aircraft?
An airplane of more than 12,500 pounds (5 700 kg) maximum certificated takeoff weight.
How far apart are runway centerline lights?
50-foot
Runway Centerline Lighting System (RCLS).
They are located along the runway centerline and are spaced at 50-foot intervals. When viewed from the landing threshold, the runway centerline lights are white until the last 3,000 feet of the runway.
What does the air traffic control light gun signal steady red mean?
stop
A steady red always means stop. At least that’s what it should mean to you at a stoplight. Of course, the only way to stop in the air is to give way to other aircraft and continue circling.
Can you fly a GPS approach without RAIM?
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitor (RAIM)
By comparing the distance measurements of a number of satellites, the RAIM function can identify a satellite failure and issue an alert to the pilot. Without RAIM capability, the pilot has no assurance of the accuracy of the GPS position.
Is WAAS better than RAIM?
How serious is a pilot deviation?
A pilot deviation is an action of or by a pilot that results in a failure to comply with an ATC clearance and/or instruction. The penalties for pilot deviations can range anywhere from a FAA Administrative or Enforcement Action, a “709” ride requirement, or even death.
What is the difference between a runway incursion and a runway excursion?
Runway incursions are categorized separately to ‘surface incidents. ‘ A runway excursion, on the other hand, is an incident in which an aircraft leaves the runway surface / makes an inappropriate exit from the runway.
How far from the runway does the Rpz start?
Other than with a special application of declared distances, the RPZ begins 200 feet (60 m) beyond the end of the area usable for takeoff or landing. With a special application of declared distances, see Appendix 14, separate approach and departure RPZs are required for each runway end.
What is FAA Part 77?
FAR Part 77 allows the “FAA to identify potential. aeronautical hazards in advance thus preventing or. minimizing the adverse impacts to the safe and efficient. use of navigable airspace”
What is a Group 1 aircraft?
Description
| Group | Wingspan in feet (m) | Typical Aircraft |
|---|---|---|
| I | < 49′ (15m) | CESSNA 421 Golden Eagle/PIPER PA-31 |
| II | 49′ (15m) – < 79′ (24m) | CRJ/SAAB 340 |
| III | 79′ (24m) – < 118′ (36m) | BOEING 737-700/AIRBUS A-320/EMBRAER ERJ 190-100 |
| IV | 118′ (36m) – < 171′ (52m) | B767 Series/AIRBUS A-310 |
What is a Group 5 aircraft?
Why are runway lights blue?
Airport taxiway lights are always blue. These lights guide the flight crew and vehicle drivers in low visibility conditions, which includes nighttime operations. In the dark, humans best see the color blue green, which is why taxiway edge lights are blue and centerline lighting is green.
Which airport has the longest runway?
At 5,000 meters, China’s Shigatse Peace Airport has the longest runway in the world. The airport is located at an altitude of 3,782 meters (12,408 feet) and serves Shigatse in Tibet Autonomous Region. The airport serves both as a public and military airport.
What does a green light from a light gun mean to a vehicle?
There are three light gun signal colors, red, green and white, and six total light gun signals. The first is steady green, which indicates clearance for takeoff, if on the ground, and landing, if in the air.
Will the engine still run if the master is off?
In an airplane, the electrical system can be turned off with the master switch and the magneto-equipped engine will continue running.
What happens if RAIM is lost in flight?
The RAIM (Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring) is what allows you to fly using a GPS. If you lose RAIM, by regulations you cannot use the GPS to navigate. So, it should not be a surprise for you to have regulators speak more of RAIM than SBAS. The RAIM basically monitors the accuracy of the navigation.