What are the properties of seawater?
Seawater is a complex mixture of 96.5 percent water, 2.5 percent salts, and smaller amounts of other substances, including dissolved inorganic and organic materials, particulates, and a few atmospheric gases. Seawater constitutes a rich source of various commercially important chemical elements.
What is CP for seawater?
Consider a layer of seawater (heat capacity Cp = 4.2 × 103 Jkg−1K−1, density ρ = 1.027 × 103 kgm−3) with a thickness of 1 m and an area of 104 m2.
What are four properties of seawater?
Seawater has unique properties: it is saline, its freezing point is slightly lower than fresh water, its density is slightly higher, its electrical conductivity is much higher, and it is slightly basic.
What is viscosity of seawater?
Abstract. The viscosity of sea water solutions has been measured in the temperature range 20 to 180°C for salinities up to 150 g/kg.
What properties of seawater determine density?
Density depends on heat content and salinity. Since seawater is not perfectly incompressible, it also varies slightly with pressure.
What is conservative properties of sea water?
Two conservative properties of seawater is the temperature or heat content, and the sodium and chloride concentrations which is the salinity concentration. What makes these conservative properties, is that these properties are not changed by the biological or physical properties within oceans.
What is density of seawater?
1.03 g/cm3
Density is lighter at the depth than at the surface. The average density of ocean is 1.03 g/cm3. 75% of the water in the oceans has temperatures ranging between 0° and 6°C; the average temperature is 3.5°C. Water is cold at the depth and gets warmer towards surface.
What is the fluid density of seawater?
At a temperature of 25 °C, salinity of 35 g/kg and 1 atm pressure, the density of seawater is 1023.6 kg/m3.
What is the chemical formula of sea water?
In conclusion, and because sea water is a solution of salts in water – H2O – you can’t really elaborate on a specific chemical formula. Although drinking seawater could potentially cause death to humans, its health benefits are immense and well-known.
What are six properties of ocean water?
Seawater properties are different from pure water seawater has the following properities.
- High density and specific gravity.
- Depression in freezing point.
- Elevated boiling point.
- Higher osmotic pressure.
- Good conductor of electricity.
What are the three factors that affect seawater density?
Salinity, temperature and depth all affect the density of seawater. Density is a measure of how tightly a certain amount of matter is packed into a given volume. The more the stuff is packed in, the higher the density.
What are the two properties that control the density of sea water?
Seawater density depends on temperature, salinity and pressure. Colder water is denser. Saltier water is denser. High pressure increases density.
What is the composition of seawater?
The average concentration of the important constituents (in parts per million) is: bicarbonate, 58.4; sulfate, 11.2; chloride, 7.8; nitrate, 1.0; calcium, 15.0; magnesium, 4.1; sodium, 6.3; potassium, 2.3; iron, 0.67; and silica, 13.1.
How is seawater density measured?
How to Determine the Density of Salt Water – YouTube
What is the unit weight of seawater?
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, 2001. Since freshwater weighs about 1000 kilograms per cubic meter and seawater weighs about 1.026 times that, we say that the typical seawater density is 1026 kg/m3.”
What are the 2 main factors that affect the density of seawater?
Key Concepts:
There are two main factors that make ocean water more or less dense: temperature and salinity. Cold, salty water is denser than warm, fresher water and will sink below the less dense layer. Density is defined as the measure of a material’s mass (e.g. grams) divided by its volume (e.g. milliliters).
What is the pH of seawater?
about 8.1
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, average ocean pH was about 8.2. Today, average ocean pH is about 8.1.
What is the major ion in seawater?
Na+ and Cl− alone account for 86% of all dissolved chemical species in seawater.
What is the average pH of seawater?
around 8.1
The ocean’s average pH is now around 8.1 , which is basic (or alkaline), but as the ocean continues to absorb more CO2, the pH decreases and the ocean becomes more acidic.
What are the 2 main factors that affect the density of sea water?
The density of seawater depends on temperature and salinity. Higher temperatures decrease the density of seawater, while higher salinity increases the density of seawater. The following figure shows how density is affected by temperature and salinity.
What increases the density of sea water?
The density of water increases as the salinity increases. The density of seawater (salinity greater than 24.7) increases as temperature decreases at all temperatures above the freezing point. The density of seawater is increased by increasing pressure.
What are the three main processes that increase seawater density?
The main processes that increase seawater density are cooling, evaporation, and ice formation. Evaporation and ice formation cause an increase in density by removing fresh water, leaving the remaining seawater with greater salinity (see section 5.3).
How many ppm is sea water?
35,000 ppm
By the way, ocean water contains about 35,000 ppm of salt.
What is the pH level of seawater?
Which two factors determine the density of seawater?