What are the violations of international law in the pulp mills on the Uruguay River case?
The Court concluded that, by not informing CARU of the planned works before the issuing of the initial environmental authorizations for each of the mills and for the port terminal adjacent to the Orion (Botnia) mill, and by failing to notify the plans to Argentina through CARU, Uruguay had violated the 1975 Statute.
What two states were parties to the pulp mills case before the ICJ?
The pulp mill dispute was a dispute between Argentina and Uruguay concerning the construction of pulp mills on the Uruguay River. The presidents at the time were Néstor Kirchner (Argentina) and Tabaré Vázquez (Uruguay).
Why is the pulp mills case important?
It stresses the obligation of each party to protect the river environment and its flora and fauna, and to take the necessary measures required by the treaty. This formulation reflects the UN Watercourses Convention and the more modern river treaties.
What is the international environmental law?
International Environmental Law (IEL) is concerned with the attempt to control pollution and the depletion of natural resources within a framework of sustainable development. It is a branch of public international law – a body of law created by states for states to govern problems that arise between states.
What is the purpose of the ICJ court?
The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.
Why is the ICJ important?
The 15-member ICJ, or World Court, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, seated at The Hague in the Netherlands. It is charged with settling legal disputes submitted to it by states and giving advisory opinions on legal questions from U.N. bodies and agencies.
What is pulp milling?
Introduction. Pulp mills are large industrial facilities that convert timber, wood chips or other wood products into wood pulp that is then used to produce paper, cardboard or other products. The manufacturing process uses a substantial amount of water and can produce large quantities of wastewater.
What is pulp and paper mill?
A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fiber sources into a thick fiber board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing. Pulp can be manufactured using mechanical, semi-chemical, or fully chemical methods (kraft and sulfite processes).
What are the 7 environmental principles?
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- 1.) Nature knows best.
- 2.) All forms of life are important.
- 3.) Everything is connected to everything else.
- 4.) Everything changes.
- 5.) Everything must go somewhere.
- 6.) Ours is a finite earth.
- 7.) Nature is beautiful and we are stewards of God’s creation!
What are the 3 environmental law?
The six laws related to environmental protection and wildlife are: The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980; The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972; Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974; Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and The Indian Forest Act, 1927.
Are provisional measures of ICJ binding?
Since the determination by the International Court of Justice (‘ICJ’) in LaGrand that provisional measures ordered under article 41 of its Statute are binding,1 the Court appears to have been engaged in a concerted effort to improve the quality of decisions on interim relief, leading to a noticeable tightening of its …
Can an individual file a case in ICJ?
As well as applications from States, those three courts can entertain applications from individuals, which is not possible for the International Court of Justice.
What kind of cases does the ICJ hear?
The UN’s International Court of Justice issues both: Judgments in contentious cases, resolving disputes between two states.
What is the weakness of ICJ?
Consensual jurisdiction is the Court’s greatest weakness, since not all states have granted their consent. States can also withdraw their consent, and their reservations to Article 36(2) often render their consent meaningless.
What is the difference between a pulp and paper mill?
A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fibre sources into a thick fibre board which can be used by a paper mill for further processing. Pulp can be manufactured using mechanical, semi-chemical or fully chemical methods.
How do pulp mills work?
Pulp mills are large industrial facilities that convert timber, wood chips or other wood products into wood pulp that is then used to produce paper, cardboard or other products. The manufacturing process uses a substantial amount of water and can produce large quantities of wastewater.
What is the difference between paper pulp and recycled pulp?
Paper is usually made by cellulose fibers from wood chips which are dry or waterproof container, while pulp is a soft, moist and shapeless matter. Recycled pulp is also called as deinked pulp. The pulp is been processed by chemicals that removes the inks and unwanted contaminants.
What are the three important environmental laws?
What is the most important environmental principle?
Nature knows best.
This principle is the most basic and in fact encompasses all the others. Humans have to understand nature and have to abide by the rules nature dictates. In essence, one must not go against the natural processes if one would like to ensure a continuous and steady supply of resources.
What are the 5 important environmental laws?
Clean Air Act Of 1999 (RA 8749) Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) Clean Water Act (RA 9275) Environmental Awareness And Education Act Of 2009 (RA 9512)
What are the prohibited pleadings under the rules of procedure for environmental cases?
— The following pleadings, motions or petitions shall not be allowed in the cases covered by this Rule: (a) Motion to dismiss the complaint or to quash the complaint or information except on the ground of lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter, or failure to comply with the preceding section; (b) Motion for a …
What is the meaning of provisional measures?
Definition. A provisional (interim/conservatory) measure is a temporary remedy granted under special circumstances.
When can the ICJ grant provisional measures?
The Court, pursuant to Article 41 of its Statute, has the power to indicate provisional measures when irreparable prejudice could be caused to rights which are the subject of judicial proceedings or when the alleged disregard of such rights may entail irreparable consequences (see, for example, ibid., p.
Who can file a case before ICJ?
Who may submit cases to the Court? Only States are eligible to appear before the Court in contentious cases. The Court has no jurisdiction to deal with applications from individuals, non-governmental organizations, corporations or any other private entity.
What are the 4 types of cases?
The new “Four Types of Cases” encompass the following types of cases:
- They are major, difficult, complex, or sensitive;
- They involve mass disputes or cause widespread societal concern, which might affect social stability;