What is cell to cell heterogeneity?
Heterogeneity is essentially a statistical properly of cellular populations. A range of cellular behaviors can be estimated from observations of a small number of cells over long times, or a large number of cells at a small number of times.
Are cancer cell lines heterogeneous?
Our results show that established cancer cell lines, generally thought to be clonal, are in fact highly genetically heterogeneous.
What does heterogeneous mean in cancer?
A term that describes the differences between tumors of the same type in different patients, the differences between cancer cells within a single tumor, or the differences between a primary (original) tumor and a secondary tumor.
Are cell lines homogeneous?
Mammalian cell lines are often of clonal origin, therefore, it is assumed that they comprise putatively homogeneous clonal cells with similar phenotypic features. Indeed, many studies have been designed under the assumption. However, phenotypic characteristics of cultured cells change over time.
What do you mean by heterogeneity?
Definition of heterogeneity
: the quality or state of consisting of dissimilar or diverse elements : the quality or state of being heterogeneous cultural heterogeneity.
What does heterogeneous mean in genetics?
Genetic heterogeneity can be defined as mutations at two or more genetic loci that produce the same or similar phenotypes (either biochemical or clinical). This is relevant since genetic heterogeneity can present problems for heterozygote detection.
How cell culture is used in cancer research?
Research suggests that solid tumors adapt quickly to treatment with chemotherapeutics, with genomic alterations detected shortly after cellular exposure to drugs [35]. A number of factors affecting the activity of anti-cancer drugs in vivo are able to be recreated in vitro utilizing 3D cell culture models [36].
How do you establish a cancer cell line?
In general, to generate tumor cell lines, cells should (i) be regularly cryopreserved, (ii) be passaged more than 100 times and retained in culture for more than 12 months, and (iii) mainly keep their genetic phenotype and morphology during cultivation.
Why are cancer cells heterogeneous?
Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity arise among cancer cells within the same tumor as a consequence of genetic change, environmental differences, and reversible changes in cellular properties. Some cancers also contain a hierarchy in which tumorigenic cancer stem cells differentiate into non-tumorigenic progeny.
What is homogeneous cells?
Homogeneous technique facilitates the cultivation of large quantities of cells, reduces the risk of contamination by eliminating many manipulations, and makes practical the control of conditions such as pH and oxygen tension.
What are the different types of cell lines?
The Cell Line
Cells cultured in the lab can be classified into three different types: primary cells, transformed cells, and self-renewing cells. Primary cells, such as fibroblasts obtained from skin biopsies and hepatocytes isolated from liver explants, are directly isolated from human tissue.
What are examples of heterogeneity?
For example, oil and vinegar, sand and water, and salt and pepper are all heterogeneous mixtures. Multiple samples of these mixtures will contain different proportions of each component. In statistics, heterogeneity is a vital concept that appears in various contexts, and its definition varies accordingly.
What causes heterogeneity?
Reasons for heterogeneity, other than clinical differences, could include methodological issues such as problems with randomisation, early termination of trials, use of absolute rather than relative measures of risk, and publication bias.
Why is genetic heterogeneity important?
Converging evidence for a wide range of common diseases indicates that heterogeneity is important at multiple levels of causation: (1) individually rare mutations collectively play a substantial role in causing complex illnesses; (2) the same gene may harbor many (hundreds or even thousands) different rare severe …
Are all cell lines cancerous?
Relation to natural biology and pathology
There are various immortal cell lines. Some of them are normal cell lines (e.g. derived from stem cells). Other immortalised cell lines are the in vitro equivalent of cancerous cells.
Why do we use cancer cell lines?
Cancer cell lines are valuable in vitro model systems that are widely used in cancer research and drug discovery [1]. Their use is primarily linked to their peculiar capability to provide an indefinite source of biological material for experimental purposes [2].
How do you characterize a cell line?
According to current regulations, the following aspects must be considered: The origin and history of the cell line cellular morphology and growth characteristics. Cellular identity. Purity of the cell lines (i.e., absence of contaminating cells, microbial contaminations, and contaminations by adventitious viruses)
How are cell lines immortalized?
Immortalized cell lines are derived from a variety of sources that have chromosomal abnormalities or mutations that permit them to continually divide, such as tumors. Because immortalized cells continuously divide, they eventually fill up the dish or flask in which they are growing.
How does cancer arise heterogeneity?
What is the difference between homogeneity and heterogeneity?
Heterogeneity in statistics means that your populations, samples or results are different. It is the opposite of homogeneity, which means that the population/data/results are the same. A heterogeneous population or sample is one where every member has a different value for the characteristic you’re interested in.
What is the most commonly used cell line?
HeLa cells are the world’s most commonly used human cell lines, and have served as a standard for understanding many fundamental biological processes.
What are the 3 types of cell culture?
Cells cultured in the lab can be classified into three different types: primary cells, transformed cells, and self-renewing cells.
What heterogeneity means?
: the quality or state of consisting of dissimilar or diverse elements : the quality or state of being heterogeneous cultural heterogeneity. Synonyms More Example Sentences Learn More About heterogeneity.
What is an example of heterogeneity?
What does heterogeneity mean in genetics?
In clinical settings genetic heterogeneity refers to the presence of a variety of genetic defects which cause the same disease, often due to mutations at different loci on the same gene, a finding common to many human diseases including ALZHEIMER DISEASE; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE DEFICIENCY, FAMILIAL; and …