What is exogenous surfactant?
Abstract. Exogenous surfactant is a therapeutic option for newborns, children and adults with acute respiratory distress disorders. Although tracheal instillation is still reputed as the classical method of surfactant delivery, alternative techniques have been investigated.
What is exogenous surfactant made of?
Administration of exogenous pulmonary surfactant is an adjunctive therapy that may help adult patients with ARDS. Pulmonary surfactant is produced by type II alveolar cells and is composed of two major fractions: phospholipids (90%) and surfactant-specific proteins (10%).
How do you administer exogenous surfactant?
Medical practitioner or NNP to administer the surfactant via the pre-cut tube to the distal end of the endotracheal tube in a single bolus dose or in two aliquots as quickly as the neonate tolerates. The total dose is usually given less than a minute.
Where does exogenous surfactant come from?
Exogenous surfactants
The natural ones are purified and extracted from either lung minces or lung lavages. Their phospholipid concentration is above 80% and all contain the proteins SP-B and SP-C, but not SP-A.
What is the name of artificial surfactant?
Exosurf, Curosurf, Infasurf, and Survanta were the initial surfactants FDA approved for use in the U.S. In 2012, the US FDA approved an additional synthetic surfactant, lucinactant (Surfaxin).
What are the side effects of surfactant?
Side effects of lung surfactants may include the following:
- Cyanosis (bluish skin coloration due to low oxygen)
- Airway obstruction.
- Bradycardia (slow heartbeat)
- Endotracheal tube reflux.
- Endotracheal tube blockage.
- Oxygen desaturation.
- Requirement for manual ventilation.
- Reintubation.
How fast does surfactant work?
Although the exogenous surfactant takes in the order of minutes to reach the alveoli, the lowering of surface tension at the distal ends occurs very rapidly – within seconds – as the result of the compression of the endogenous surfactant (8).
What is artificial surfactant made of?
Five of the studies used Exosurf Neonatal (a synthetic surfactant composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, hexadecanol and tyloxapol); one small study utilized a mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG).
What is artificial surfactant used for?
Synthetic surfactant is effective in reducing respiratory distress syndrome in preterm babies. Pulmonary surfactant is a substance that prevents the air sacs of the lungs from collapsing by reducing surface tension. Sometimes it is absent in immature lungs and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) can develop.
What is the purpose of surfactant?
Function. The main functions of surfactant are as follows: (1) lowering surface tension at the air–liquid interface and thus preventing alveolar collapse at end-expiration, (2) interacting with and subsequent killing of pathogens or preventing their dissemination, and (3) modulating immune responses.
What is the artificial surfactant called?
Lucinactant is the first U.S. FDA-approved protein-containing synthetic surfactant. It was approved by the U.S. FDA in March 2012 as the fifth surfactant to treat neonatal RDS following colfosceril palmitate (Exosurf), beractant (Survanta), calfactant (Infasurf), and poractant alfa (Curosurf).
What are examples of surfactants?
Sodium stearate is a good example of a surfactant. It is the most common surfactant in soap. Another common surfactant is 4-(5-dodecyl)benzenesulfonate. Other examples include docusate (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate), alkyl ether phosphates, benzalkaonium chloride (BAC), and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS).
Where are surfactants used?
Beyond soaps and detergents, surfactants are used in lubricants, inks, anti-fogging liquids, herbicides, adhesives, emulsifiers and fabric softeners. The human body even produces surfactants, known as pulmonary surfactants.
What is the best surfactant?
As you can see, all five natural surfactants produced some foam, some better than others. Some of our observations included: Decyl glucoside is the best in terms of foam out of all five natural surfactants, as it creates a rich and dense foam.
What are three types of surfactants?
Types of Surfactants
- Anionic Surfactants. Anionic surfactants have a negative charge on their hydrophilic end.
- Nonionic Surfactants. Nonionic surfactants are neutral, they do not have any charge on their hydrophilic end.
- Cationic Surfactants.
- Amphoteric Surfactants.
What is the strongest surfactant?
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate is the strongest surfactant and is very effective at stripping all oils, including the natural protective ones.
What are natural surfactants?
Natural surfactants or biosurfactants are amphiphilic biological compounds, usually extracellular, produced by a variety of microorganisms from various substances including waste materials.
How do I choose the right surfactant?
Surfactants have an HLB value – the higher the number the more hydrophilic (water-soluble), the lower the number the more lipophilic (oil soluble). Oils and applications have an HLB requirement. Matching the HLB value with the HLB requirement will give good performance.
Which surfactant is best?
Anionic – Anionic surfactants are the most commonly used surfactants because they tend to provide the best cleaning power and the most foam. You’ve probably heard people talking about one of the most commonly used anionic surfactants, SLS (Sodium lauryl sulfate or Sodium Laureth Sulfate).
What is the most gentle surfactant?
About Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate
Some examples are sodium lauryl sulfoacetate and disodium lauryl sulfoacetate. These are surfactants that are derived from coconut and are very gentle and curly-girl approved.
What is the most natural surfactant?
Decyl glucoside is the best in terms of foam out of all five natural surfactants, as it creates a rich and dense foam.