What is intrauterine fetal demise?
Quick Answer. Intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD), or stillbirth, is the medical term for a baby that dies in the womb after the 20th week of pregnancy. Intrauterine fetal demise is never the desired outcome of pregnancy, but it can happen for a variety of reasons such as a genetic disease or infection.
What is the pathophysiology of intrauterine fetal death?
FETAL DEATH. Intrauterine fetal death is the ultimate failure in the mechanism of the fetoplacental unit. Causes of fetal demise differ with gestational age. In the first trimester, abnormal conceptus karyotype is the single most common cause of pregnancy loss.
What is the difference between fetal demise and stillborn?
A death that occurs prior to 20 weeks’ gestation is usually classified as a spontaneous abortion; those occurring after 20 weeks constitute a fetal demise or stillbirth. Many states use a fetal weight of 350 g or more to define a fetal demise.
Who defines intrauterine death?
DEFINITION. World Health Organization definition — The World Health Organization (WHO) defines fetal death as the intrauterine death of a fetus at any time during pregnancy [1]; for international comparison, WHO recommends defining stillbirth as a baby both with no signs of life at or after 28 weeks of gestation [2].
How is intrauterine fetal death diagnosed?
Intrauterine fetal death was diagnosed by antenatal real time ultrasound examinations in 168 cases, whereas 20 cases were diagnosed during or after delivery. If there were no medical contraindications, the parents had the choice, to stay at the hospital or go home after the diagnosis was made.
How is intrauterine death diagnosed?
Is IUFD and stillbirth same?
Intrauterine fetal deaths (IUFDs) occurring ≤ 23 weeks’ gestation were recorded as second-trimester IUFDs, while those ≥ 24weeks’ gestation were classified as stillbirths.
How is DIC diagnosed in pregnancy?
Diagnosis of the DIC syndrome rests on the demonstration of reduced levels of fibrinogen and platelets, prolongation of the thrombin, prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, and the presence of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) in the serum.
Why tranexamic acid is contraindicated in DIC?
Tranexamic acid is absolutely contraindicated when using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for APL, because ATRA transforms the character of APL from enhanced to suppressed-fibrinolytic-type DIC (see this PIH: Ikezoe’s paper).
Why is DIC common in pregnancy?
Obstetrical Hemorrhage Hemorrhage, especially post-partum is regarded by many4,9,50,83–87 as one of the major causes for DIC in pregnancy.
Does pre eclampsia cause DIC?
DIC is seen in severe forms of preeclampsia with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a catastrophic complication in obstetrics and is associated with significant maternal mortality.
What is the pathophysiology of intrauterine fetal demise?
Intrauterine fetal demise is the 5th leading cause of death worldwide. There is currently a limited understanding of the pathophysiology responsible for fetal demise. Globally, unexplained stillbirth is reported in 76% of cases.
Are intrauterine fetal demise and stillbirth interchangeable?
For this publication, intrauterine fetal demise and stillbirth are considered interchangeable. Comparison of stillbirth rates among and within countries is limited due to the non-uniformity of the definition of stillbirth and incomplete collection of stillbirth data.
What is included in the workup of a fetal demise?
If severe clinical abruption is present, testing can be limited to toxicology screening and possibly a thrombophilia workup. The most important part of the workup of a fetal demise is the autopsy of the fetus. The decision to proceed with an autopsy must be made by the parents and informed consent is necessary.
What are the maternal studies in the workup of fetal demise?
Maternal studies that should also be considered during the workup of a fetal demise include the following: 1 Diabetes testing using hemoglobin A1C and a fasting blood glucose. 2 Syphilis screening using the VDRL or rapid plasma reagent test. 3 Thyroid function testing (ie, TSH, FT4). 4 Urine toxicology screening.