What is the Demeter score?

What is the Demeter score?

The DEMETER score [13] is a statistical summarization of essentiality scores that quantizes the competitive proliferation of the cell lines and min- imizes the effect of off-target hybridizations by using a statisti- cal model.

What are the 3 drivers of cancer?

The genetic changes that contribute to cancer tend to affect three main types of genes—proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. These changes are sometimes called “drivers” of cancer.

What is TFs in cancer?

Transcription factors (TFs) are commonly deregulated in the pathogenesis of human cancer and are a major class of cancer cell dependencies. Consequently, targeting of TFs can be highly effective in treating particular malignancies, as highlighted by the clinical efficacy of agents that target nuclear hormone receptors.

What are the 3 to 4 major characteristics of a cancerous cell?

Cancer cells grow and divide at an abnormally rapid rate, are poorly differentiated, and have abnormal membranes, cytoskeletal proteins, and morphology.

What is gene dependency score?

These datasets contain a score expressing how vital a particular gene is in terms of how lethal the knockout/knockdown of that gene is on a target cell line. For example, a highly negative dependency score implies that a cell line is highly dependent on that gene.

Is Demeter a god or goddess?

As an earth and underworld goddess

In addition to her role as an agricultural goddess, Demeter was often worshipped more generally as a goddess of the earth.

Does cancer change your DNA?

As cancer cells divide, they acquire more DNA changes over time. Two cancer cells in the same tumor can have different DNA changes. In addition, every person with cancer has a unique combination of DNA changes in their cancer.

Who is prone to cancer?

Age. For most people, increasing age is the biggest risk factor for developing cancer. In general, people over 65 have the greatest risk of developing cancer. People under 50 have a much lower risk.

Is MYC a gene?

MYC (MYC Proto-Oncogene, BHLH Transcription Factor) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with MYC include Burkitt Lymphoma and High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma Double-Hit/Triple-Hit.

Are transcription factors Undruggable?

Further, many consider TFs to be predominantly ‘undruggable’ because they have significant structural disorder and lack classical small-molecule binding pockets5,6.

What two types of defects does a cancerous cell possess?

Two prominent features of cancer cells are abnormal numbers of chromosomes (aneuploidy) and large-scale structural rearrangements of chromosomes. These chromosome aberrations are caused by genomic instabilities inherent to most cancers.

What are cancerous cells called?

These cells may form a mass called a tumor. A tumor can be cancerous or benign. A cancerous tumor is malignant, meaning it can grow and spread to other parts of the body. A benign tumor means the tumor can grow but will not spread. Some types of cancer do not form a tumor.

What is DEP map?

The Cancer Dependency Map (DepMap) is an ongoing project to identify essential genes across hundreds of cancer cell lines using genome-wide CRISPR and shRNA screens (Tsherniak et al., 2017; Behan et al., 2019).

What is a common essential gene?

“Essential genes” are genes required for an organism or cell survival, and they have been directly assessed and identified in a number of species using high-throughput cellular and animal models6, such as yeast7 and mouse8.

Who is the god of bread?

Demeter
Demeter was often considered to be the same figure as the Anatolian goddess Cybele, and she was identified with the Roman goddess Ceres.
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How did Demeter get pregnant?

Zeus didn’t think appropriate for such a respected goddess to have a relationship with a mortal, so he struck Iasion with a thunderbolt. But, by then, Demeter was already pregnant with twins: Ploutos and Philomelus, the former the god of wealth, and the latter, the patron of plowing.

Which cancer is hereditary?

Examples of hereditary cancer syndromes are hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Cowden syndrome, and Lynch syndrome. Also called family cancer syndrome and inherited cancer syndrome.

What is the #1 cause of cancer?

While smoking is still by far the biggest cause of cancer and cancer deaths, obesity, poor diet and drinking too much alcohol cause an increasing number of cancer cases and deaths.

Why is cancer so common now?

The main reason cancer risk overall is rising is because of our increasing lifespan. And the researchers behind these new statistics reckon that about two-thirds of the increase is due to the fact we’re living longer. The rest, they think, is caused by changes in cancer rates across different age groups.

What cancers are caused by MYC?

High levels of MYC expression have been linked to aggressive human prostate cancer and triple negative breast cancer (Gurel et al., 2008; Palaskas et al., 2011).

What is MYC stand for?

MYC

Why are transcription factors difficult to drug?

Until recently, transcription factors have been considered ‘undruggable’ because they lack catalytic active sites for drugs to bind.

Do all transcription factors have a DNA binding domain?

Abstract. Transcription factors are modular in nature in all organisms. In general, they have a DNA binding domain, one or more transcription activation and/or repressor domain, and often a dimerization domain. In many cases, transcription factors also have other protein-protein interaction domain(s).

Which genetic disease has been linked to a mutation of the tumor suppressor gene?

Inherited mutations of two other tumor suppressor genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, are responsible for hereditary cases of breast cancer, which account for 5 to 10% of the total breast cancer incidence.

Why do multiple spindle poles cause cell death?

Although chromosomes can align between supernumerary spindle poles, multipolar cell division has been shown to cause cell death in the progeny [32], most likely due to the fact that it causes massive chromosome mis-segregation, thus producing daughter cells that have far fewer chromosomes than is needed for survival.