What is the difference between Phacomorphic and Phacolytic glaucoma?
Phacomorphic glaucoma: Also associated with hypermature cataract formation, the key differentiating feature is gonioscopically closed angle and a shallow anterior chamber in phacomorphic glaucoma. Phacolytic glaucoma has a pronounced anterior chamber inflammatory component.
What causes Phacolytic glaucoma?
Phacolytic glaucoma is caused by an inflammatory process caused by the leakage of lens material through the capsule of a mature cataract. The released lens material is composed of altered lens protein, macrophages, and other inflammatory cells that lead to trabecular meshwork obstruction and precipitate glaucoma.
How is Phacomorphic glaucoma treated?
The treatment of phacomorphic glaucoma may require the use of medical therapy or laser and incisional surgery. The definitive treatment for phacomorphic glaucoma is cataract extraction, but it is easier and safer to perform cataract surgery after first lowering the IOP with medication.
What is Phacomorphic glaucoma?
Phacomorphic glaucoma is the term used for secondary angle-closure glaucoma due to lens intumescence. The increase in lens thickness from an advanced cataract, a rapidly intumescent lens, or a traumatic cataract can lead to pupillary block and angle closure.
Can topical steroids cause glaucoma?
Any form of steroid administration can cause glaucoma. It may occur after administration of topical steroids for a relatively trivial condition, after postoperative administration of steroids for refractive surgeries, or after prolonged systemic corticosteroid treatment for inflammatory conditions.
What is secondary angle closure glaucoma?
Secondary angle-closure glaucomas occur when the eye’s angle (the angle between the iris, which makes up the colored part of your eye, and the cornea, which is the clear window front part of your eye) is narrow or closed by an identifiable cause such as: abnormal blood vessel growth (neovascular glaucoma)
What is the normal IOP?
Measuring Eye Pressure
Normal eye pressure ranges from 12-21 mm Hg, and eye pressure of greater than 21 mm Hg is considered higher than normal. When the IOP is higher than normal but the person does not show signs of glaucoma, this is referred to as ocular hypertension.
What are potential problems of operating on an eye with Phacomorphic glaucoma?
Phacomorphic glaucoma can have a component of primary pupillary block and a secondary angle-closure mechanism. Patients with this condition may present with decreased vision, eye pain, and headache—much as in primary angle-closure glaucoma.
How many types of glaucoma are there?
There are four major types of glaucoma: Open-angle glaucoma. Angle-closure glaucoma, also called closed-angle glaucoma. Congenital glaucoma.
How do you reverse steroid-induced glaucoma?
Glaucoma treatment: Treatment of steroid-induced glaucoma is very similar to that for POAG, and includes the use of topical glaucoma medications, laser trabeculoplasty, filtering surgery, and glaucoma drainage implant surgery.
What medications should be avoided with glaucoma?
Closed-Angle Glaucoma: Medicines to Avoid
- Antihistamines and decongestants.
- Asthma medicines.
- Motion sickness medicines.
- Some medicines used to treat depression (tricyclic antidepressants).
What is best treatment for angle-closure glaucoma?
The treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) consists of IOP reduction, suppression of inflammation, and the reversal of angle closure. Once diagnosed, the initial intervention includes acetazolamide, a topical beta-blocker, and a topical steroid.
What is the first line treatment for angle-closure glaucoma?
Laser peripheral iridotomy
4] is the current standard approach to initial treatment of AC. It alleviates pupillary block, which is a common underlying mechanism of AC [Box 3].
What time of day is IOP highest?
“Pressure is highest typically in the morning, when you’re just waking up, and lowest in the afternoon,” says Johnson. “So if you have a 4:00 pm. appointment at the doctor’s office, that particular pressure may be the lowest pressure you’ll have that day.”
What is an unsafe eye pressure?
Eye pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Normal eye pressure ranges from 10-21 mm Hg. Ocular hypertension is an eye pressure of greater than 21 mm Hg.
Can glaucoma cause cataracts?
Cataracts do not typically lead to glaucoma, however there are many shared risk factors and the two conditions may be discovered at the same time. The reverse is also true, glaucoma does not lead to cataracts. However, there are rare conditions in which glaucoma treatment may accelerate cataract development.
What is visual prognosis?
Some patients can have a partial recovery of their vision in one or both eyes. One prognostic factor associated with a recovery of vision is an early-age onset. The purpose of this study was to determine other clinical factors that are predictive of a good visual recovery.
Which type of glaucoma is the most serious?
Certain drugs and eye diseases can cause yet another form of the disease, called secondary glaucoma. But probably the most serious form of the disease is closed-angle glaucoma. It occurs when the angle becomes suddenly blocked, causing pressure in the eye to rise sharply.
Which type of glaucoma is most common?
Open-angle glaucoma is the most common form of the disease. The drainage angle formed by the cornea and iris remains open, but the trabecular meshwork is partially blocked. This causes pressure in the eye to gradually increase. This pressure damages the optic nerve.
Can steroid induced glaucoma go away?
In steroid responsive patients, IOP elevation usually develops within the first few weeks of steroid administration. However, it can be elevated within an hour or many years after chronic steroid use. After steroid is discontinued, IOP usually normalizes within 1 to 4 weeks.
How long does it take for prednisone to cause glaucoma?
J. Francois, MD, published the first case report on corticosteroid-induced glaucoma in 1954. He suggested that IOP increase occurs within six to 12 months in patients on mild corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone), but could take just a few weeks for patients on more potent agents (e.g., dexamethasone).
What can worsen glaucoma?
So, What Foods Should You Avoid If You Have Glaucoma?
- Caffeine. Some studies suggest caffeine increases intraocular pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood pressure.
- Saturated Fats.
- Trans Fats.
- Weight-Lifting.
- Scuba Diving.
- Bungee Jumping.
- Yoga.
What is the safest eye drop for glaucoma?
Next came apraclonidine, brand name Iopidine, marketed by Alcon. I did much of the clinical work on apraclonidine, a relatively selective alpha-2 agonist. It is probably the safest drug we have seen so far in the therapy of glaucoma.
Which is worse open or closed-angle glaucoma?
It’s the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Closed-angle (or angle-closure) glaucoma makes up less than 20 percent of glaucoma cases in the United States. It’s usually more severe than open-angle glaucoma. Both conditions involve changes in the eye that prevent proper drainage of fluid.