When was last Japanese encephalitis outbreak?
In February 2022, Japanese encephalitis (JE) was detected and confirmed in piggeries in Victoria, Queensland and New South Wales. On 4 March, cases were detected in South Australia. There are currently more than 70 infected piggeries across the four states.
How many cases of Japanese encephalitis in India?
Approximately 597,542,000 people in India live in JE-endemic regions, and 1,500 to 4,000 cases are reported every year.
Is Japanese encephalitis found in India?
Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito borne zoonotic viral disease, caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The occurrence of disease is widespread in 24 countries of South- East Asia and Western Pacific region. The main vector of JE is Culex tritaeniorhynchus , spread across India.
When is Japanese encephalitis season in India?
Risk of JE infection in northern India is highest July-December. Japanese encephalitis is a viral infection of the central nervous system that is transmitted by the bite of mosquitoes that prefer rural and semi-rural areas and are most active from dusk to dawn.
Where in India is Japanese encephalitis endemic?
The most affected states comprise of Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Epidemics are reported from union territories of Goa and Pondicherry as well [23].
Do all mosquitoes carry Japanese encephalitis?
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a flavivirus related to dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile virus that can be spread by some (but not all) types of mosquitoes. Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a rare, severe manifestation of infection with JEV, occurring in many parts of Southeast Asia and China.
Where is Japanese encephalitis most common in India?
Which state in India is most affected by Japanese encephalitis?
It was the longest and most severe epidemic in 3 decades; 5,737 persons were affected in 7 districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh, and 1,344 persons died (1). Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the most common cause of childhood viral encephalitis in the world; it causes an estimated 50,000 cases and 10,000 deaths …
Who is at risk for Japanese encephalitis?
The people most at risk are those who live and work in rural areas, such as on pig farms and in rice fields, where the condition is widespread. Around 75% of cases involve children under the age of 15. Find out more about the causes of Japanese encephalitis, and which countries have the highest risk.
Which district of India is most affected by Japanese encephalitis?
Should I get Japanese encephalitis vaccine?
JE vaccine is recommended for persons moving to a JE-endemic country to live, longer-term (e.g., 1 month or longer) travelers, and frequent travelers to JE-endemic areas.
How do I protect myself from Japanese encephalitis?
Mosquitoes bite during the day and night. The best way to prevent Japanese encephalitis virus infection is to protect yourself from mosquito bites. Use insect repellent, wear long-sleeved shirts and pants, treat clothing and gear, and get vaccinated before traveling, if vaccination is recommended for you.
Should I get vaccinated for Japanese encephalitis?
Which mosquito is responsible for Japanese encephalitis?
JE virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Culex species mosquitoes, particularly Culex tritaeniorhynchus. The virus is maintained in a cycle between mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts, primarily pigs and wading birds.
How common is encephalitis in India?
Between 2008 and 2014, there have been more than 44,000 cases and nearly 6000 deaths from encephalitis in India, particularly in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. In 2016, there has been a rise in encephalitis, with over 125 children reported to have died in one hospital in Gorakhpur alone5.
Is Japanese Encephalitis vaccine necessary in India?
Since the risk of JE is not universal and is limited to focal areas, JE vaccination is not included in the national immunization programme in India [3]. But inclusion of an effective and affordable vaccine for JE in endemic areas in India will reduce mortality and life long sequelae and prevent further spread.
Can you survive Japanese encephalitis?
Up to 1 in every 3 people who develop these more serious symptoms will die as a result of the infection. In those who survive, these symptoms tend to slowly improve. But it can take several months to make a full recovery, and up to half of those who do survive are left with permanent brain damage.
Is JE vaccine compulsory in India?
Is Japanese Encephalitis vaccine necessary for India?
Should I be worried about Japanese encephalitis?
If you have been infected, you do not put others at risk. If you have symptoms consistent with JE seek medical treatment. If you have any severe signs such as headache, vomiting, confusion, paralysis or seizures you should call 000 immediately.
Who is at risk of Japanese encephalitis?
Can Japanese encephalitis be cured?
There is no treatment or cure for Japanese encephalitis. Once a person has the disease, treatment can only relieve the symptoms. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses, and effective anti-viral drugs are available. Prevention is the best form of treatment for Japanese encephalitis.
Which organ is affected by Japanese encephalitis?
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral infection that affects parts of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.
Is Japanese encephalitis vaccine necessary in India?
Is Japanese encephalitis vaccine for life?
How long does the Japanese encephalitis vaccination last? The duration of protection is unknown. A booster dose may be given if the primary two-dose vaccination series was given one year or more previously and there is continued risk of exposure.