Where are the corresponding reactions likely to occur in eukaryotic respiration?
The aerobic phases of cellular respiration in eukaryotes occur within organelles called mitochondria. These aerobic phases are the Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain.
Where is ATP synthesis likely to occur in prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes synthesize ATP on the surface of their cell membrane.
Which organelle is primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria are the organelle where ATP is generated through oxidative phosphorylation and several diseases are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Mitochondria contain their own DNA and their number within the cell is finely regulated.
How and where is ATP made in a eukaryotic cell?
How and where is ATP made in a eukaryotic cell? ATP can be made by direct phosphorylation of ADP in the cytoplasm, and by an enzyme complex that uses the energy from a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. It can also be made in other locations in the cell, depending on the cell type.
How does cellular respiration differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Cellular respiration has three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport. In eukaryotes, most cellular respiration reactions take place within the mitochondria. In prokaryotes, they occur in the cytoplasm and/or within the cell membrane.
Where does the process of respiration occur?
Respiration takes place in the mitochondria of the cell in the presence of oxygen, which is called “aerobic respiration”.
What cellular structure do eukaryotic cells contain but prokaryotic cells lack?
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound structures. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound structures called organelles.
How do bacteria produce energy without mitochondria?
Bacteria are prokaryotic cells and do not possess mitochondria or any other organelles. They produce ATP on their surface cell membrane. As mitochondria originated from the bacterial cell by endosymbiosis, they have many structural similarities.
Which organelle produces enzymes that digest food waste and old cell structures?
Lysosomes. The lysosome is an organelle that contains digestive enzymes and acts as the organelle-recycling facility of an animal cell. It breaks down old and unnecessary structures so their molecules can be reused.
How does the double membrane structure of mitochondria contribute to its role in energy production?
Producing energy
Energy production mostly takes place on the folds or cristae of the inner membrane. Mitochondria convert chemical energy from the food we eat into an energy form that the cell can use. This process is called oxidative phosphorylation. The Krebs cycle produces a chemical called NADH.
How energy is produced in mitochondria?
Energy is produced in the mitochondria in the form of ATP. Energy from the oxidation of high energy compounds NADH and FADH2 produced in the mitochondria by TCA cycle is utilised in the ATP synthesis through electron transport system.
What products of light reactions of photosynthesis are used in the Calvin cycle?
The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light reactions.
What is cellular respiration mention the end product of anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Answer: The respiration which takes place without oxygen is known as anaerobic respiration. The microorganisms like yeast break down glucose (food) into ethanol, carbon dioxide and releases energy.
How do the electron transport chain functions to produce ATP in a bacterial cell versus a eukaryotic cell?
All enzymes required for the electron transport chain of bacteria are membrane bound as in eukaryotic cells, but in bacteria these molecules are present in the plasma membrane because bacteria have no mitochondria. The hydrogen ion gradient, which drives ATP synthesis, is thus generated across the plasma membrane.
What type of process is respiration?
Respiration is a catabolic process. In respiration, glucose breakdown to form ATP (energy).
What are the 4 processes of respiration?
Inhaling and exhaling may seem like simple actions, but they are just part of the complex process of respiration, which includes these four steps:
- Ventilation.
- Pulmonary gas exchange.
- Gas transport.
- Peripheral gas exchange.
Which of the following structure is present only in prokaryotic cell?
By definition, prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus to hold their chromosomes. Instead, the chromosome of a prokaryote is found in a part of the cytoplasm called a nucleoid. Prokaryotes generally have a single circular chromosome that occupies a region of the cytoplasm called a nucleoid.
Which of the following structures are only found in prokaryotic cells?
Explanation: Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in that they lack any membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus. Instead, prokaryotic cells simply have an outer plasma membrane, DNA nucleoid structure, and ribosomes.
When glucose is broken down by glycolysis during bacterial fermentation how many ATP are generated?
During glycolysis, one glucose molecule is converted to two pyruvate molecules, producing two net ATP and two NADH.
What organelle did bacteria that could make their own food using sunlight eventually evolve into?
An endosymbiotic origin for these organelles is now generally accepted, with mitochondria thought to have evolved from aerobic bacteria and chloroplasts from photosynthetic bacteria, such as the cyanobacteria.
What structures enable the vesicles from the Golgi apparatus to fuse with the cell membrane?
What structures enable the vesicles from the Golgi apparatus to fuse with the cell membrane? Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus are made of the same phospholipid structure as the cell membrane, therefore the vesicles are able to easily fuse with the cell membrane.
Which plant cell organelle supports and maintains the cells shape and protects the cell from damage?
The cell wall, which is an outer layer made up of cellulose and other proteins, helps protect plant cells and helps them maintain their shape.
What is the structure of the inner membrane cristae of the mitochondria?
The structure of the inner mitochondrial membrane is extensively folded and compartmentalized. The numerous invaginations of the membrane are called cristae, separated by crista junctions from the inner boundary membrane juxtaposed to the outer membrane.
What is the source of energy that directly drives ATP synthase in its production of ATP?
proton gradient
The electrons from from NADH and FADH2 flow through the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane generating a H+ buildup in the inner membrane space. This proton gradient (gradient of H+) flowing through the membrane enzyme complex ATP synthetase is the direct energy source for producing ATP.
Which organelle is only found in plants ribosomes chloroplasts nucleus mitochondria?
A chloroplast is an organelle that is only present in plant cells. It is a plastid that contains chlorophyll and is also where photosynthesis takes place.