Where is PPAR-alpha found?
In rodents, highest mRNA expression levels of PPAR-alpha are found in liver and brown adipose tissue, followed by heart and kidney. Lower PPAR-alpha expression levels are found in small and large intestine, skeletal muscle and adrenal gland.
What is PPAR-alpha agonist?
PPAR-alpha agonists PPARα (alpha) is the main target of fibrate drugs, a class of amphipathic carboxylic acids (clofibrate, gemfibrozil, ciprofibrate, bezafibrate, and fenofibrate). They were originally indicated for cholesterol disorders and more recently for disorders that feature high triglycerides.
What is the ligand for PPAR-alpha?
Not only EFA but also eicosanoids are natural ligands of PPARs – e.g. leukotriene B4 stimulates PPARα, and prostaglandin PGJ2 activates PPARγ [22]. However, both EFA and eicosanoids are required in relatively high concentrations (approximately 100 μM) for PPAR activation [24].
How do PPAR agonists work?
PPAR-γ’s agonists are Glitazones, such as Rosiglitazone (AvandiaTM) and Pioglitazone (ActosTM)17. They are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity, reducing plasma glucose, TG and FFA as well as increasing HDL.
What is the meaning of PPARs?
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily comprising of the following three subtypes: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ. Activation of PPAR-α reduces triglyceride level and is involved in regulation of energy homeostasis.
What is PPARs for?
Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors including PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ, which play an important role in regulating cancer cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and tumor growth.
What is the use of PPARs?
PPARs are members of the supergene family of nuclear receptors that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes involved in cellular intermediary metabolism and inflammation.