Why does the CDC require mandatory reporting of tuberculosis?

Why does the CDC require mandatory reporting of tuberculosis?

Reporting cases of suspected or confirmed tuberculosis is vital to protect public health as it allows the Health Department to intervene in order to interrupt disease transmission.

What is the primary transmission route for TB?

tuberculosis is transmitted through the air, not by surface contact. Transmission occurs when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis, and the droplet nuclei traverse the mouth or nasal passages, upper respiratory tract, and bronchi to reach the alveoli of the lungs (Figure 2.2).

What are the forms of primary tuberculosis?

Primary Tuberculosis

• Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.
• Lymphadenopathy.
• Lesion.
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
• Postprimary Tuberculosis.

Is treatment for tuberculosis mandatory?

1. California law requires that school staff and volunteers working with children and community college students be free of infectious tuberculosis (TB) disease.

Why is tuberculosis a notifiable disease?

Generally, TB is a communicable disease notifiable by law because it has the potential to become a significant epidemic with high transmission rates in some foci [10]. Moreover, there may be a rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) hot spots [11].

Does TB need to be reported?

Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI):

Latent Tuberculosis Infection shall be reported to the local health authority or the Department of Health within three (3) calendar days of first knowledge or suspicion.

What are the 3 types of tuberculosis?

There are 3 stages of TB—exposure, latent, and active disease. A TB skin test or a TB blood test can diagnose the disease. Treatment exactly as recommended is necessary to cure the disease and prevent its spread to other people.

Where is tuberculosis most common?

About half of all people with TB can be found in 8 countries: Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines and South Africa. About one-quarter of the world’s population is estimated to be infected by TB bacteria.

What does primary tuberculosis mean?

You can get TB by breathing in air droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person. The resulting lung infection is called primary TB. Most people recover from primary TB infection without further evidence of the disease. The infection may stay inactive (dormant) for years.

What is the difference between primary and secondary TB?

Primary and secondary TB are also thought to have characteristic radiographic and clinical features: primary TB is said to be characterized by lower-lobe disease, adenopathy, and pleural effusions, and termed atypical, whereas secondary, or reactivation, TB is associated with upper lobe disease and cavitation, termed …

Can you refuse treatment for latent TB?

The CDC’s updated TB guidelines state that after TB disease is excluded, health care workers “should be treated for LTBI unless medically contraindicated.”4 However, health care workers who decline treatment should not be excluded from the workplace, CDC says.

What is Republic Act RA No 10767?

AN ACT ESTABLISHING A COMPREHENSIVE PHILIPPINE PLAN OF ACTION TO ELIMINATE TUBERCULOSIS AS A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM AND APPROPRIATING FUND THEREFOR.

What are the 11 notifiable diseases?

Annual Summaries of Notifiable Diseases

• Cholera.
• Cryptosporidiosis.
• Cyclosporiasis.
• Giardiasis.
• Hepatitis A.
• Legionellosis.
• Malaria*
• Salmonellosis.

Why is TB a notifiable disease?

How do you know if TB is latent or active?

Persons with latent TB infection are not infectious and cannot spread TB infection to others.

1. Usually has a skin test or blood test result indicating TB infection.
2. Has a normal chest x-ray and a negative sputum test.
3. Has TB bacteria in his/her body that are alive, but inactive.
4. Does not feel sick,

What are the 4 stages of TB?

TB infection happens in 4 stages: the initial macrophage response, the growth stage, the immune control stage, and the lung cavitation stage. These four stages happen over roughly one month.

What is the full name of TB?

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick.

Which state has the most TB cases?

Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2018
However, considering incidence rates by reporting area, Alaska (8.5 cases per 100,000 persons) has the highest TB rate, followed by Hawaii (8.4), New York City (6.7), California (5.3), the District of Columbia (5.1), and Texas (3.9).

What is the difference between secondary and primary indication of TB?

What are the features of primary tuberculosis?

Mediastinal lymph node enlargement, lower lobe lesions, and pleural effusions are considered to be characteristics of primary TB infection, whereas upper lobe lesions, cavitation, and fibrosis are considered to be typical of reactivation TB (3-5).

Will latent TB show up on xray?

A person has latent TB infection if they have a positive TB skin test and a normal (negative) chest x-ray. This means the person has breathed in the TB germs, but his or her body has been able to fight the germs. People with latent TB infection do not feel sick and do not have signs of TB disease.

What is the best treatment for latent TB?

CDC and the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association (NTCA) preferentially recommend short-course, rifamycin-based, 3- or 4-month latent TB infection treatment regimens over 6- or 9-month isoniazid monotherapy. Short course regimens include: Three months of once-weekly isoniazid plus rifapentine (3HP)

What is Republic Act of 11332?

11332, otherwise known as the “Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and Health Events of Public Health Concern Act (RA 11332) was enacted in 2019. This new law repealed Act No. 3573, otherwise known as the “Law on Reporting of Communicable Diseases”.

What is Republic Act 3573?

1 The Philippine’s Act 3573 – Law on Reporting of Communicable Diseases, a law passed on November 26, 1929 by the Philippine Legislature in an American occupied country, is still being used as the basis for requiring all individuals and health facilities to report notifiable diseases to local and national health …

What is a Category 1 disease?

Category I Diseases