How do you design a reactor?
General Reactor Design
- Step 1: Collect Required Data.
- Step 2: Select Reaction Conditions.
- Step 3: Determine Materials of Construction.
- Step 4: Determine Rate-Limiting Step and Critical Sizing Parameters.
- Step 5: Preliminary Sizing, Layout, and Costing of Reactor.
- Step 6: Estimate Reactor Performance.
What are the basic criterion for designing a reactor?
Factors to be considered for design of reactor
The different factors required for reactor design are (i) Size of reactor (ii) Type of reactor (iii) Time or duration of reaction (iv) Temperature & Composition of reacting material in the reactor (v) Heat removal or added and (vi) Flow pattern of fluid in the reactor.
What is a design equation for reactor?
The reactor is fed reactants and at a rate of V ˙ = 432 L / min and these reactants are converted to product . The reaction rate equation is r reaction, E = k r c E c F 2 , where the estimated rate constant was determined to be k r = 6.1 L 2 gmol − 2 s − 1 .
How do you size a reactor?
In order to size a reactor we must first know what the reactor should do, i.e. how large conversion (omsättning) it should accomplish. Fractional amount of reactant species (A) converted into product(s) or consumed by reaction. Indicates extent of reaction. Expressed in terms of limiting reactant.
What is L D ratio of reactor?
The L/D ratio is the ratio of the flighted length of the screw to its outside diameter. The ratio calculation is calculated by dividing the flighted length of the screw by its nominal diameter.
How many types of reactors are there?
There are two basic types: the pressurized-water reactor (PWR) and the boiling-water reactor (BWR).
What is difference between CSTR and PFR?
A PFR has a higher theoretical efficiency than a CSTR of the same volume. That is, given the same space-time (or residence time), a reaction will proceed to a higher percentage completion in a PFR than in a CSTR. This is not always true for reversible reactions.
Is CSTR and MFR same?
The continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), also known as vat- or backmix reactor, mixed flow reactor (MFR), or a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR), is a common model for a chemical reactor in chemical engineering and environmental engineering.
What is space-time of a reactor?
Space-time of a reactor is defined as the time required to process one reactor volume of feed into a reactor at the inlet condition. It is basically denoted as τ (tau) = V/Vo where V is the reactor volume & Vo is the volumetric flow rate of feed.
How do you calculate the LD ratio of a reactor?
The ratio calculation is calculated by dividing the flighted length of the screw by its nominal diameter. Although several injection molding machine manufacturers now offer a choice of injection units, most injection screws use a 20:1 L/D ratio.
How is vessel size calculated?
Calculate vessel diameter (D) and length (L) : V=πD2L/4 and rounding the results to nearest 0.1 meter increment.
What is significance of L D ratio?
Aerodynamicists call the lift to drag ratio the L/D ratio, pronounced “L over D ratio.” An airplane has a high L/D ratio if it produces a large amount of lift or a small amount of drag. Under cruise conditions lift is equal to weight. A high lift aircraft can carry a large payload.
What are the four types of reactors?
Types of Reactors
- Batch Reactor.
- Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (C.S.T.R)
- Plug Flow Reactor (P.F.R)
- Semi-Batch Reactor.
Which is better CSTR or PFR?
CSTR reduces concentration of reactant to minimum in less time than what PFR does. Rate of reaction is directly proportional to reactant concentration for positive order reactions. More the concentration more will be the rate. Hence PFR gives higher conversion than CSTR for positive order reactions.
What are three types of reactors?
The three classical generic chemical reactors are the batch reactor, the continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), and the plug flow tubular reactor (PFR).
Which is better PFR or CSTR?
Rate of reaction is directly proportional to reactant concentration for positive order reactions. More the concentration more will be the rate. Hence PFR gives higher conversion than CSTR for positive order reactions.
What is difference between holding time and space time?
From my understanding, “Space Time” (also known as residence time) is the amount of time a fluid particle spends in a continuous reactor (CSTR). “Holding Time”, as the name implies, is the time a particle spends inside a closed system (Batch reactor/sterilizer).
What is meant by LD ratio?
What is L D ratio in vessel?
The length to diameter ratio of a vertical vessel is typically 3:1.
What does dwt mean?
Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight; abbreviated to DWT, D.W.T., d.w.t., or dwt) or tons deadweight (DWT) is a measure of how much weight a ship can carry. It is the sum of the weights of cargo, fuel, fresh water, ballast water, provisions, passengers, and crew.
What is the maximum LD ratio?
Maximum L/D Ratio
One of the most important performance parameters of an aircraft is its maximum lift-to-drag ratio, LDmax. This ratio indicates not only how far an airplane will glide from a given altitude (see Section 21.3.
What is the clearance between screw and barrel?
The clearance between the screw flights and the barrel on new screws is between 0.005 and 0.010 in. (0.125 to 0.25 mm), less for very small screws and more for very big ones.
What are the two main types of reactors?
U.S. nuclear power plants use two types of nuclear reactors
- Boiling-water nuclear reactors. In a boiling-water reactor, the reactor core heats water, which turns directly into steam in the reactor vessel.
- Pressurized-water nuclear reactors.
- What are small modular reactors?
Why we use CSTR instead of PFR?
Why PFR is preferred over CSTR?
At high fractional conversion values, the volume required for a CSTR increases rapidly compared the the volume of a PFR. If reactor volume is the only criterion for deciding the type of reactor to use, clearly PFRs are the optimal choice.