What did Bahrick investigate?
Very Long-Term Memory Experiment. Bahrick, Bahrick, and Wittinger (1975) investigated what they called very long term memory (VLTM). Nearly 400 participants aged 17 – 74 were tested. Participants were asked to list the names they could remember of those in their graduating class in a free recall test.
What type of experiment was Bahrick et al?
Bahrick et al. (1975) studied enduring memories using a quasi-experiment design which involved 392 participants ranging in age from 17 to 74 years.
What was the aim of Bahricks study?
Aim: This study was testing people’s ability to recall and recognize names and faces over time.
What did Cohen and Squire suggest about declarative memory?
Declarative memory refers to the capacity to retrieve facts and events as conscious recollections (Squire, 1982; Cohen, 1984). This capacity depends on the integrity of the hippocampus and related medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures (Squire and Zola, 1991; Eichenbaum and Cohen, 2001).
What is a strength of the Jacobs 1887 study?
Jacobs claimed the increase in STM span/ capacity due to increase brain capacity & individual ability to develop strategies to improve their memory such as chunking. EVALUATION OF JACOBS (1887) Strength. Study is lab experiment therefore establishes cause and effect.
What did Peterson and Peterson do?
Peterson & Peterson found that the longer the interval the less accurate the recall. At 3 seconds, around 80% of the trigrams were correctly recalled, whereas at 18 seconds only 10% were correctly recalled. Peterson & Peterson concluded that short-term memoryhas a limited duration of approximately 18 seconds.
How does Glanzer and cunitz support MSM?
Building on this research, Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) designed experiments to test their Multi-Store Model of Memory (MSM). They aimed to test the hypothesis that there are two distinct storage mechanisms the STM store and the LTM store. Two repeated measures experiments were conducted.
What does H.M.’s case of amnesia say about human memory?
Remarkably, H.M. exhibited profound forgetfulness but in the absence of any general intellectual loss or perceptual disorders. He could not form new memories (anterograde amnesia) and also could not access some memories acquired before his surgery (retrograde amnesia).
Which of the following was most severely impaired in patient Hm?
which of the following was most severely impaired in patient H. M.? episodic memory. why is it unsurprising that H. M. had intact procedural memory? procedural memory depends on the striatum, not the hippocampus.
What did Sperling 1960 Discover regarding sensory memory?
Sperling documented the existence of iconic memory (one of the sensory memory subtypes). Through several experiments, he showed support for his hypothesis that human beings store a perfect image of the visual world for a brief moment, before it is discarded from memory.
What did Jacobs investigate?
Miller’s (1956) theory is supported by psychological research. For example, Jacobs (1887) conducted an experiment using a digit span test, to examine the capacity of short-term memory for numbers and letters. Jacobs used a sample of 443 female students (aged from 8-19) from the North London Collegiate School.
What could Peterson & Peterson conclude from their research?
What were the conclusions of the Sperling experiment on sensory memory where an array of letters was quickly flashed on the screen for participants to recall?
-Conclusions: Because this (82% accuracy) occurred no matter which row they were reporting, Sperling concluded that immediately after the 12-letter display was presented, subjects saw an average of 82% of all the letters but were not able to report all of these letters because they rapidly faded as the initial letters …
Is Glanzer and cunitz a true experiment?
High control but Low Ecological Validity – memorizing list of random words artificial • This is a controlled laboratory study with highly controlled variables, but there is no random allocation of participants to experimental conditions so it is not a true experiment.
How does Murdock’s study support the multi-store model?
The study was repeated by Murdock with the number of words given as well as the amount of presentation time the participants were given varied yet the results still produced primacy and recency effects. This supports the validity of the multi-store model of memory.
What were the negative consequences of H.M.’s surgery?
H.M suffered from sever seizure, doctors believed it was from his medial temporal lobe causing it. They removed it but caused the worse documented case of amnesia ever recorded. No new memories after the surgery.
What was wrong with HMS memory?
Henry Gustav Molaison, or “H.M” as he is commonly referred to by psychology and neuroscience textbooks, lost his memory on an operating table in 1953. For years prior to his neurosurgery, H.M suffered from epileptic seizures believed to be caused by a bicycle accident that occurred in his childhood.
What would HM have been unable to learn?
M’s inability to form new memories after his operation, known as anterograde amnesia, was the result of his loss of hippocampus. This meant that H.M could not learn new words, facts, or faces after his surgery, and he would even forget who he was talking to the moment he walked away.
What did Henry Molaison prove?
Molaison was influential not only for the knowledge he provided about memory impairment and amnesia, but also because it was thought his exact brain surgery allowed a good understanding of how particular areas of the brain may be linked to specific processes hypothesized to occur in memory formation.
What did Sperling’s experiment show?
In 1960, George Sperling performed experiments designed to demonstrate the existence of visual sensory memory. He was also interested in exploring the capacity and duration of this type of memory.
What did Sperling conclude from his partial report technique?
Sperling concluded that a short-lived sensory memory registers all or most of the information that hits our visual receptors, but that this information decays within less than a second. Subjects are asked to report as many letters as possible from the entire 12-letter display.
What was George Miller’s experiment?
Miller also ran the first experiments testing Chomsky’s theory as a processing model of human language, and the first experiments establishing that syntactic and semantic constraints could guide the perception of speech.
What did Keppel and Underwood do?
Keppel and Underwood (1962) suggested that the amount of PI is directly related to the number of potential interfering associations such that more previously learned associations result in more PI.
What did Glanzer and cunitz find?
The Primacy and Recency Effect (Glanzer and Cunitz, 1966)
Using this method, researchers detected a pattern: participants can remember words better when they appear at the beginning of a list and at the end of a list. This has been dubbed the serial position effect (aka the primacy and recency effects).
How does Glanzer and cunitz support the multi store model of memory?
Key Studies. Glanzer and Cunitz showed that when participants are presented with a list of words, they tend to remember the first few and last few words and are more likely to forget those in the middle of the list, i.e. the serial position effect.