What do aryl hydrocarbon receptors do?
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression. It was originally thought to function primarily as a sensor of xenobiotic chemicals and also as the regulator of enzymes such as cytochrome P450s that metabolize these chemicals.
What is AhR in immunology?
AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that promotes Treg cell development and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in dendritic cells, altering the course of adaptive immune response and the development of immunopathology.
Where are AhR receptors located?
Protein domains found in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). The nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and nuclear export sequence (NES) are found within the basic helix loop helix (bHLH) region.
What is an AhR agonist?
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor with important functions in the immune response and cancer. AHR agonists are provided by the environment, the commensal flora and the metabolism.
What is the AhR pathway?
The AhR genomic pathway. When a ligand crosses the plasma membrane (passive diffusion), it binds to the AhR (the PAS B domain). This allows the translocation of the ligand-receptor complex into the nucleus and the dissociation of the receptor complex.
What are AhR ligands?
AhR Ligands. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcriptional factor able to sense a wide range of structurally different exogenous and endogenous molecules. AhR ligands vary in their structure, and their binding affinity can significantly differ between mouse and human AhR [1].
Is AhR a nuclear receptor?
These receptors include several members of the nuclear/steroid receptor family (CAR for Constitutive Androstane Receptor, PXR for Pregnane X Receptor) but also the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor or AhR, a member of the bHLH-PAS family (basic Helix-Loop-Helix – Period/ARNT/Single minded).
What is aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase?
Abstract. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase is an inducible, membrane-bound enzyme involved in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens. In cultured human lymphocytes there is genetic variation.
What is aryl group chemistry?
An aryl group (symbol: Ar) is the fragment, containing a vacant point of attachment on a carbon atom, that would form if a hydrogen atom directly bonded to a benzene ring in an arene were removed.
What is the example of aryl group?
A simple aryl group is phenyl (C 6H 5), a group derived from benzene. Examples of other aryl groups consist of: The tolyl group ( CH 3C 6H 4) which is derived from toluene (methylbenzene) The xylyl group ( [CH 3] 2C 6H 3), which is derived from xylene (dimethylbenzene)
What is called aryl?
Definition of aryl
: having or being a monovalent organic radical (such as phenyl) derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by the removal of one hydrogen atom —often used in combination.
What is meant by aryl group?
What is aryl in organic chemistry?
In organic chemistry, an aryl is any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic ring, usually an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as phenyl and naphthyl.
How aryl group is formed?
An aryl group is a functional group derived from a simple aromatic ring compound where one hydrogen atom is removed from the ring. Usually, the aromatic ring is a hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon name takes the -yl suffix, such as indolyl, thienyl, phenyl, etc. An aryl group is often simply called an “aryl”.