What is a protonema in moss?
The protonema, which grows directly from the germinating spore, is in most mosses an extensive, branched system of multicellular filaments that are rich in chlorophyll. This stage initiates the accumulation of hormones that influence the further growth of newly formed cells.
What is protonema of mosses Class 11?
Hint: Protonema is a creeping, green, branched, and often filamentous stage of the growth process. It is a haploid, autonomous, gametophytic stage of the moss life cycle. Complete answer: A protonema is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the gametophyte’s earliest stage of growth in the life cycle of mosses.
What is protonema short answer?
A protonema (plural: protonemata) is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage of development of the gametophyte (the haploid phase) in the life cycle of mosses.
What is moss short answer?
Definition of moss noun. any tiny, leafy-stemmed, flowerless plant of the class Musci, reproducing by spores and growing in tufts, sods, or mats on moist ground, tree trunks, rocks, etc. a growth of such plants. any of various similar plants, as Iceland moss or club moss.
What is protonema Toppr?
The protonema is an elongated and thread-like structure. This structure develops from the germinated spore of mosses and some liverworts. This structure forms the earliest stage in the life cycle of the bryophytes . The protonema then grows and developes to form the leafy gametophytic structure. Example, Funaria.
What is protonema with example?
(i) Protonema – It is a creeping, green, branched and frequently filamentous stage. It is a haploid, independent, gametophytic stage in the life cycle of mosses. It is produced from the spores and gives rise to new plants. Examples – Funaria, polytrichum and sphagnum.
What is protonema shaala?
It is the first stage in the life cycle of a moss, developing directly from the spore. It consists of creeping, green, branched, and often filamentous structures. Concept: Kingdom Plantae – Life Cycle Patterns in Plants.
What is moss kid definition?
Mosses are small, seedless plants that often grow in moist, shady places. More than 10,000 species, or types, of moss grow throughout the world. They belong to a group of plants called bryophytes. Liverworts and hornworts are other plants in this group.
What is protonema and prothallus?
The protonema and prothallus are structures seen in primitive plants. The key difference between both these structures is that protonema constitutes the first stage of development in liverworts and mosses, while prothallus is seen in pteridophytes and is its gametophyte.
What are protonema and rhizoids Class 11?
It is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage of a bryophyte or pteridophyte life cycle. The protonema forms a flat, lobed, thalloid structure attached to the soil by rhizoids, and the plants arise from marginal cells.
How do you draw moss on rocks?
How to Draw Moss-Covered Rocks
- Study the surface of the rock that you wish to draw.
- Sketch the outline of the rock lightly in pencil.
- Note the areas of moss on your subject.
- Lightly draw the outline of the mossy area using your pencil tip.
- Turn your pencil tip on its side and shade inside of the rock.
What is moss made out of?
Mosses typically form dense green clumps or mats, often in damp or shady locations. The individual plants are usually composed of simple leaves that are generally only one cell thick, attached to a stem that may be branched or unbranched and has only a limited role in conducting water and nutrients.
Where is moss live?
Mosses are distributed throughout the world except in salt water and are commonly found in moist shady locations. They are best known for those species that carpet woodland and forest floors. Ecologically, mosses break down exposed substrata, releasing nutrients for the use of more-complex plants that succeed them.
What is called moss?
moss, (division Bryophyta), any of at least 12,000 species of small nonvascular spore-bearing land plants. Mosses are distributed throughout the world except in salt water and are commonly found in moist shady locations. They are best known for those species that carpet woodland and forest floors.
What do you mean by prothallus?
Definition of prothallus 1 : the gametophyte of a pteridophyte (such as a fern) that is typically a small flat green thallus attached to the soil by rhizoids. 2 : a greatly reduced structure of a seed plant corresponding to the pteridophyte prothallus.
How does a fern prothallus differ from a moss protonema?
How does a fern prothallus differ from a moss protonema in appearance? – It is greatly reduced by comparison and looks like a small heart. It is also a flattened sheet of cells, rather than the initial filamentous growth of mosses.
What is mosses in biology class 11?
Bryophytes include various mosses and liverworts, commonly grow in moist shaded areas in the hills. Bryophytes are also called amphibians of the plant kingdom because these plants can live in soil but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction.
Why is it called moss?
The name comes from the Old English word mos, which denoted a peat bog.
What is the protonema of a moss plant?
Moss spores germinate to form an algae -like filamentous structure called the protonema. It represents the juvenile gametophyte. While the protonema is growing by apical cell division, at some stage, under the influence of the phytohormone cytokinin, buds are induced which grow by three-faced apical cells.
What is a protonema?
A protonema (plural: protonemata) is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage (the haploid phase) of the life cycle of [[Moss|mosses].
What are some protonema questions to ask yourself?
Moss Protonema Questions to ask yourself: Identify number 1. How are the cells of protonema produced? What is their chromosome number (1N or 2N)? What generation of the life cycle do they start?
What is the function of protonema in bryophyte?
In bryophyte: Form and function The protonema, which grows directly from the germinating spore, is in most mosses an extensive, branched system of multicellular filaments that are rich in chlorophyll. This stage initiates the accumulation of hormones that influence the further growth of newly formed cells.