What is sphenopalatine artery?
The sphenopalatine artery is a terminal branch of the internal maxillary artery originating from the external carotid artery system. [4] The SPA is the major blood vessel to the nasal cavity mucosa: supplying the superior, middle, and inferior turbinate; lateral nasal wall; and nasal septum.
How do you find the sphenopalatine artery?
The location of the sphenopalatine foramen (SPF) is identified within the superior meatus after elevation of a mucoperiosteal flap and identification of the crista ethmoidalis from the posterior aspect of the middle meatus. Opening the maxillary sinus may assist the surgeon if these landmarks are not quickly found.
What does the sphenopalatine artery pass through?
The sphenopalatine artery is a branch of the maxillary artery which passes through the sphenopalatine foramen into the cavity of the nose, at the back part of the superior meatus.
Which artery is called the artery of nose bleeding?
The sphenopalatine artery, formerly known as the nasopalatine artery, is the terminal branch of the maxillary artery that is the main supply to the nasal cavity. It is colloquially know as the artery of epistaxis given its common involvement in cases of nose bleeds.
Is there a main artery in your nose?
The sphenopalatine artery enters the back of the nasal cavity, the inside of the nose, providing blood supply to the inner and outer walls of the nasal cavity and to the adjacent sinuses. It is clinically important since it is a frequent cause of nosebleeds.
What is artery of epistaxis?
The sphenopalatine artery is the artery usually responsible for refractory epistaxis. This can be occluded surgically through an endonasal approach or it can be embolized. Possible hazardous anastomoses with branches of the external carotid artery can result in visual or central deficits per- or post-embolization.
What is the main source of arterial blood to the nose and from which vessel is it derived?
The arterial supply to the nose may be principally divided into (1) branches from the internal carotid, namely the branches of the anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries from the ophthalmic artery, and (2) branches from the external carotid, namely the sphenopalatine, greater palatine, superior labial, and angular …
What is endoscopic cauterization?
Endoscopic cauterization of SPA is technically straightforward to perform and allows direct cauterization of the major vessel supplying the posterior nasal cavity.
Why is my nose bleeding down back of throat?
When the tissue at the back of your nose in your nasal cavity is damaged and bleeds, it’s called a posterior nosebleed. Blood may come out of your nostrils, but blood can also leak into your throat. This type of nosebleed can be serious.
Where does a maxillary artery Ligate?
The common procedures employ ligation of the an- terior and posterior ethmoidal arteries (branches of the internal carotid system) as described by Mont- gomery, as well as ligation of the maxillary artery and its terminal branch, the sphenopalatine artery, which arises from the external carotid.
What is ligation of an artery?
In surgery or medical procedure, a ligature consists of a piece of thread (suture) tied around an anatomical structure, usually a blood vessel or another hollow structure (e.g. urethra) to shut it off.
What happens if you swallow a blood clot from a nosebleed?
Swallowed blood can irritate your stomach and cause vomiting. And vomiting may make the bleeding worse or cause it to start again. Spit out any blood that gathers in your mouth and throat rather than swallowing it.
What will ENT do for nosebleeds?
If your ENT determines that frequent anterior nosebleeds are caused by an irritated blood vessel, he or she may suggest cauterizing the nose. Cauterization burns the irritated blood vessel to seal it close. For this procedure, the ENT typically applies chemical cauterization using silver nitrate.
What is the sphenopalatine artery?
The sphenopalatine artery, formerly known as the nasopalatine artery, is the terminal branch of the maxillary artery that is the main supply to the nasal cavity. It is colloquially know as the artery of epistaxis given its common involvement in cases of nose bleeds.
How is a sphenopalatine artery injection (Sai) performed?
A sphenopalatine artery injection is performed transnasally. Identify the inferior attachment of the middle turbinate to the lateral nasal wall and inject roughly 1 cm above the inferior border ( Fig. 7.4) with 1 to 2 mL of 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine.
How do you cauterize the sphenopalatine artery?
Sphenopalatine Artery Cautery or Ligation. Endoscopic nasal surgery, with cauterization or ligation of the sphenopalatine artery on its entry into the nasal cavity, has been shown to be effective and minimally invasive in treating and controlling intractable epistaxis (Fig. 35-5).
Is sphenopalatine artery ligation an effective treatment for epistaxis?
Epistaxis is the commonest emergency in otorhinolaryngology. Over the last decade endoscopic sphenopalatine artery (SPA) ligation has become a popular treatment option for posterior epistaxis and has been shown to be the most effective and cost-efficient definitive treatment for posterior epistaxis.