What is the T-DNA region?
The T-DNA region contains phytohormone and opine synthesis genes that are expressed in plant cells. The T-DNA region is flanked by two 25-bp sequences designated left and right borders, which are highly homologous and are oriented in a direct repeat (3).
What do you mean by T-DNA?
The transfer DNA (abbreviated T-DNA) is the transferred DNA of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid of some species of bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes(actually an Ri plasmid). The T-DNA is transferred from bacterium into the host plant’s nuclear DNA genome.
What region is Ti plasmid?
This is facilitated via certain crucial regions in the Ti plasmid, including the vir region, which encodes for virulence genes, and the transfer DNA (T-DNA) region, which is a section of the Ti plasmid that is transferred via conjugation into host plant cells after an injury site is sensed by the bacteria.
Is T-DNA double stranded?
The T-DNA, defined by two 25-bp direct-repeat border sequences, travels as a single-stranded (ss) DNA molecule (T-strand), with a single Agrobacterium VirD2 protein attached to its 5′ end1,2,3.
What is T DNA insertion?
The insertion of a T-DNA fragment into a plant host genome is a consequence of a natural transformation process where an Agrobacterium infection results in the transfer of a DNA fragment flanked by 25 bp border sequences (the T-DNA) from a heavily modified tumor inducing Ti plasmid into the infected plant’s genome (12) …
Is Tdna single stranded?
Transferred DNA (T-DNA) is transferred as a single-stranded derivative from Agrobacterium to the plant cell nucleus.
What is T-DNA insertion?
What is the group of genes responsible for the infection and transfer of T-DNA?
The processing and transfer of T-DNA from Agrobacterium to plant cells is regulated by the activity of the vir genes. Virulence gene activity is induced by plant wound-induced phenolic compounds such as acetosyringone and related molecules (28, 74, 75, 92, 228, 293, 295, 298, 300).
Does T-DNA insert randomly?
Abstract. Transfer DNA (T-DNA) insertion mutants are often used in forward and reverse genetics to reveal the molecular mechanisms of a particular biological process in plants. To generate T-DNA insertion mutants, T-DNA must be inserted randomly in the genome through transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens …
What is Col plasmid?
Col plasmids, which contain genes that code for bacteriocins, proteins that can kill other bacteria. Degradative plasmids, which enable the digestion of unusual substances, e.g. toluene and salicylic acid. Virulence plasmids, which turn the bacterium into a pathogen.
How many T-DNA regions are there in Agrobacterium?
However, due to increased whole genome sequencing efforts, about 400 Agrobacterium sequences have now become available, 350 of which contain T-DNA regions. Detailed analysis identified 92 different T-DNA regions and several new T-DNA genes. T-DNA regions can be divided into three groups. I.
Which protein is directly involved in processing of T-DNA from Ti plasmid?
Processing of T-DNA begins with the attachment if virD2protein. virD2proteins are directly involved in processing of T-DNA from Ti plasmid.
What is the final destiny of the single stranded T-DNA complex?
Once the single stranded T-DNA complex enters plant cells, its final destiny is to reach the nucleus and consequently integrate into the plant DNA. The probable size of the T-complex is around 13 nm in diameter and presence of nuclear-localizing activities in both virD2and E2 facilitate transport to nucleus.
What causes site-specific nick in the T-DNA border sequence of Agrobacterium?
Wang K, Stachel SE, Timmerman B, Van Montagu M, Zambryski PC (1987) Site-specific nick in the T-DNA border sequence as a result of Agrobacterium virgene expression. Science235587–591 [PubMed] [Google Scholar]