What are the elements of Expanded Program on Immunization?
Important components of management of EPI are cold chain maintenance, record keeping and evaluation, uniform vaccination coverage standards, and communication with the public through various media.
Why do vaccines have expanded programs?
The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established in 1976 to ensure that infants/children and mothers have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines. Six vaccine-preventable diseases were initially included in the EPI: tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and measles.
How many vaccines are there in EPI?
The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in Pakistan protects against eight vaccine-preventable diseases and immunizes children below 23 months of age.
What are the different types of immunization program?
BCG: Bacillus Calmette Guerin.
What is the main element of EPI?
Elements of EPI
Cold chain Logistic Management- Vaccine distribution through cold chain is designed to ensure that the vaccines were maintained under proper environmental condition until the time of administration.
What is the primary objective of immunization program?
The primary objective for a given immunization program could be to save lives, prevent premature death and disability, improve ability of children to learn, reduce health sector costs for hospital care or economic loss to society from absenteeism, or any combination of these and other possible objectives, according to …
When was the expanded Programme of immunization?
Expanded Programme on Immunization was launched in 1978. It was renamed as Universal Immunization Programme in 1985 when its reach was expanded beyond urban areas.
What are the 5 types of vaccines?
The main types of vaccines that act in different ways are:
- Live-attenuated vaccines.
- Inactivated vaccines.
- Subunit, recombinant, conjugate, and polysaccharide vaccines.
- Toxoid vaccines.
- mRNA vaccines.
- Viral vector vaccines.
Where is DPT vaccine injected?
It is currently recommended that diphtheria-tetanus- pertussis (DPT) immunizations be administered to young infants (2 to 6 months old) in the anterolateral thigh and to older children (4 to 5 years old) in the deltoid muscle.
What are the 5 types of immunization?
There are several types of vaccines, including: Inactivated vaccines. Live-attenuated vaccines. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines.
…
Inactivated vaccines are used to protect against:
- Hepatitis A.
- Flu (shot only)
- Polio (shot only)
- Rabies.
What are the 5 importance of vaccination?
But vaccinations are an important part of family and public health. Vaccines prevent the spread of contagious, dangerous, and deadly diseases. These include measles, polio, mumps, chicken pox, whooping cough, diphtheria, HPV, and COVID-19. The first vaccine discovered was the smallpox vaccine.
What are the three most important vaccines?
diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP) vaccine. haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib)
Read on to learn more about these valuable vaccines.
- Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine.
- Rotavirus vaccine (RV)
- Hepatitis A vaccine.
- Meningococcal vaccine (MCV)
- Human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV)
- Tdap booster.
What is the aim of immunization?
When you get a vaccine, your immune system responds. We now have vaccines to prevent more than 20 life-threatening diseases, helping people of all ages live longer, healthier lives. Immunization currently prevents 3.5-5 million deaths every year from diseases like diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, influenza and measles.
What are the five importance of immunization?
According to a report published by the World Health Organization, immunization averts an estimated 2-3 million deaths every year, providing protection from diphtheria, pneumonia, pertussis (whooping cough), rotavirus diarrhea, rubella, tetanus, smallpox, polio, mumps, and measles.
When was expanded program of immunization launched by who?
Building on the momentum of the smallpox eradication effort, the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was launched in 1974 to ensure that all children, in all countries, benefited from life-saving vaccines.
What are the 7 different types of vaccines?
There are several types of vaccines, including:
- Inactivated vaccines.
- Live-attenuated vaccines.
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines.
- Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines.
- Toxoid vaccines.
- Viral vector vaccines.
Where is BCG vaccine injected?
BCG vaccination is given as an injection into the left upper arm. The vaccination usually leaves a small scar.
What is the route of BCG vaccine?
BCG Vaccine AJV should be administered by personnel trained in the intradermal technique. The vaccine should be injected strictly intradermally in the arm, over the distal insertion of the deltoid muscle onto the humerus (approx.
What are the 4 main types of vaccines?
Subunit, recombinant, conjugate, and polysaccharide vaccines use particular parts of the germ or virus. They can trigger very strong immune responses in the body because they use a specific part of the germ. Although the immune responses are strong, these types of vaccines may need topping up over time.
What is the purpose of immunization?
Immunization prevents diseases, disabilities, and deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), such as cervical cancer, diphtheria, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, whooping cough, pneumonia, poliomyelitis, diarrhoeal diseases by rotavirus, rubella, and tetanus.
What is the benefits of immunization?
Immunisation works by triggering the immune system to fight against certain diseases. If a vaccinated person comes in contact with these diseases, their immune system is able to respond more effectively. This either prevents the disease from developing or reduces the severity.
What was the first vaccine?
Edward Jenner is considered the founder of vaccinology in the West in 1796, after he inoculated a 13 year-old-boy with vaccinia virus (cowpox), and demonstrated immunity to smallpox. In 1798, the first smallpox vaccine was developed.
What are the benefits of vaccinations?
Vaccination is one of the most successful public health interventions in reducing disease spread, preventing complications and even deaths from vaccine preventable diseases. The success of vaccines in reducing disease should not suggest that vaccine preventable diseases are no longer a threat.
What are the objectives of EPI programs?
The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was launched in Pakistan in 1978 to protect children by immunizing them against childhood tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and measles.
Where is measles vaccine injected?
The preferred injection site in small children is the anterolateral aspect of the thigh. The posterior triceps aspect of the upper arm is the preferred site for older children and adolescents.