What does CD68 stain for?
While CD68 is a marker for cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, it is relatively nonspecific, with reported staining in neoplasms such as carcinoma, melanoma, angiosarcoma, lymphoma, and schwannoma [10].
What is CD68 immunohistochemistry?
CD68 is routinely used as a histochemical/cytochemical marker of inflammation associated with the involvement of monocytes/macrophages. 55. CD68 was also used to identify cells of macrophage lineage such as tissue histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells, Kupffer cells, and osteoclasts.
What is giant cell carcinoma?
Giant cell carcinoma is a variant of sarcomatoid carcinoma characterized by the presence of numerous multinucleated malignant tumor cells (Fig. 22-40). These tumor cells have large nuclei with prominent nucleoli.
What is the source of Langhans giant cell?
giant cell, also called Langhans giant cell, large cell characterized by an arc of nuclei toward the outer membrane. The cell is formed by the fusion of epithelioid cells, which are derived from immune cells called macrophages.
What cells are CD68 positive?
CD68 is a sialomucin and a member of the scavenger receptor supergene family [5, 108]. This molecule is expressed by monocytes and macrophages as well as subsets of CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, basophils, and mast cells [5, 109, 110].
Is CD68 a tumor marker?
Abstract. Abstract A novel biomarker, CD68, which marks tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the microenvironment, has recently been reported to affect the prognosis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).
How serious is a giant cell tumor?
Although giant cell tumors are not cancerous, they are aggressive and can destroy the surrounding bone. Treatment for a giant cell tumor almost always involves surgery to remove the tumor and prevent damage to the bone near the affected joint.
Can giant cell tumor be cured?
The goal for treatment of a giant cell tumor is to remove the tumor and prevent damage to the affected bone. Tumors that can’t be removed surgically can often be controlled and sometimes destroyed with radiation therapy. Giant cell tumors can come back.
What is the best treatment for giant cell tumor?
Surgical Treatment
Surgery has proven to be the most effective treatment for giant cell tumors. Surgical treatment may include: Curettage. Curettage is the surgical procedure most commonly used to treat giant cell tumors.
What is the difference between Langhans and Langerhans cells?
Langhans giant cells (not to be confused with Langerhans cells, 24.18) have a ring of nuclei at the cell periphery. Foreign body giant cells have nuclei that are haphazardly distributed through the cytoplasm, and are seen in many diseases besides foreign body granulomas.
What does CD68 positive mean?
Fibrolamellar carcinomas are positive for CD68. Increased numbers of CD68-positive tumor macrophages indicate an adverse overall outcome in Hodgkin lymphoma. Significant co-localization of CD36 receptor with cells of the macrophage lineage, such as CD68 positive cells.
What is a CD68 cell?
CD68 (Cluster of Differentiation 68) is a protein highly expressed by cells in the monocyte lineage (e.g., monocytic phagocytes, osteoclasts), by circulating macrophages, and by tissue macrophages (e.g., Kupffer cells, microglia).
Is giant cell tumor curable?
How do you get rid of a giant cell tumor?
Surgery has proven to be the most effective treatment for giant cell tumors. Surgical treatment may include: Curettage. Curettage is the surgical procedure most commonly used to treat giant cell tumors.
Is giant cell tumor fatal?
Giant Cell tumors (GCT) are benign tumors with potential for aggressive behavior and capacity to metastasize. Although rarely lethal, benign bone tumors may be associated with a substantial disturbance of the local bony architecture that can be particularly troublesome in peri-articular locations.
Is Langerhans cell giant cell?
The Langhans giant cell consists of fused macrophages oriented around tuberculosis antigen with the multiple nuclei in a peripheral position, representing the most successful type of host tissue response.
What do multinucleated giant cells indicate?
MULTINUCLEATED giant cells (MGC) are a common feature of granulomas that develop during certain infections, the most prominent example being tuberculosis, or as a consequence of foreign body reactions.
What percentage of giant cell tumor is malignant?
The most recent data from the 4 large GCTB patient series showed that the frequency of malignancy was 1.1% to 11.3% (Table 1).
What is a giant cell reaction?
Any reparative tissue reaction with multinucleated epithelioid histiocytes, that may be due to exogenous material–eg, sutures, or endogenous material–eg, the contents of a ruptured epidermal inclusion cyst, chalazion, or fat.
What are the two types of giant cells?
Langhans’ giant cell, foreign body giant cells and touton giant cells are the main giant cells.
Can giant cell tumors be malignant?
Background: Primary and recurrent giant cell tumor of bone is typically benign; however, rarely giant cell tumor of bone can undergo malignant transformation.
What do giant cells indicate?
Giant cells are formed by fusion of various cells such as macrophage, epithelioid cells, monocytes, etc., These are multi-nucleated,[1] large in size, and most of the times present at the site of chronic inflammation and other granulomatous conditions.