What is the anatomy of maxillary sinus?
The maxillary sinus (or antrum of Highmore) is a paired pyramid-shaped paranasal sinus within the maxillary bone which drains via the maxillary ostium into the infundibulum, then through hiatus semilunaris into the middle meatus. It is the largest of the paranasal sinuses.
Which radiograph is used for maxillary sinus?
Many radiographic imaging techniques have been employed to study the maxillary sinus. The panoramic radiograph is the most common two-dimensional radiographic image projection used by a majority of dentists for a generalized evaluation of the orofacial complex.
What are the walls of the maxillary sinus?
There are six maxillary sinus walls: the superior, anterior, lateral and medial walls are broad, with narrow posterior and inferior walls. Superior: the thin superior wall (forming most of the orbital floor), separates the contents of the orbit from the maxillary sinus.
Where is maxillary sinus located?
A type of paranasal sinus (a hollow space in the bones around the nose). There are two large maxillary sinuses, one in each of the maxillary bones, which are in the cheek area next to the nose. The maxillary sinuses are lined with cells that make mucus to keep the nose from drying out.
Is the maxillary sinus radiopaque or radiolucent?
radiolucent
Maxillary sinus – a radiolucent area located above the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars. The floor of the maxillary sinus often appears as a thin wavy radiopaque line (bilateral).
What is the size of maxillary sinus?
The ostium of the maxillary sinus is high up on the medial wall and on average is 2.4 mm in diameter; with a mean volume of about 10 ml.
What technique is best for viewing maxillary sinuses?
CT scanning is painless, noninvasive and accurate. It’s also the most reliable imaging technique for determining if the sinuses are obstructed and the best imaging modality for sinusitis.
What do we call the lining of maxillary sinus?
This membranous lining is also referred to as the Schneiderian membrane, which is histologically a bilaminar membrane with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells on the internal (or cavernous) side and periosteum on the osseous side.
What opens into maxillary sinus?
The maxillary sinus drains into the middle meatus, with the ostium of the sinus opening into the nose on the superior aspect of the medial wall of the sinus, which may explain the high incidence of maxillary sinusitis.
What are the 4 types of sinuses?
There are four different types of sinuses:
- Ethmoid sinus. Located inside the face, around the area of the bridge of the nose.
- Maxillary sinus. Located inside the face, around the area of the cheeks.
- Frontal sinus. Located inside the face, in the area of the forehead.
- Sphenoid sinus.
Where are the 4 sinuses located?
Your cheekbones hold your maxillary sinuses (the largest). The low-center of your forehead is where your frontal sinuses are located. Between your eyes are your ethmoid sinuses. In bones behind your nose are your sphenoid sinuses.
Is radiopaque white or black?
white
Radiopaque volumes of material have white appearance on radiographs, compared with the relatively darker appearance of radiolucent volumes. For example, on typical radiographs, bones look white or light gray (radiopaque), whereas muscle and skin look black or dark gray, being mostly invisible (radiolucent).
What is the function of maxillary sinus?
The maxillary sinuses might simply serve to improve the respiratory function of the nose. A flow of inspiratory air does not occur. The maxillary sinuses are decisively involved in the production of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and thus in supporting the immune defense of the nasal cavity.
Which one of these extraoral techniques is used specifically to evaluate the maxillary sinuses?
Bregma–menton view. This projection is primarily used to demonstrate the walls of the maxillary sinus (especially in the posterior areas), the orbits, the zygomatic arches and the nasal septum.
Why maxillary sinus is most commonly infected?
Maxillary sinusitis is common due to the close anatomic relation of the frontal sinus, anterior ethmoidal sinus and the maxillary teeth, allowing for easy spread of infection.
What causes maxillary sinus pain?
It is a bacterial infection and typically occurs after a viral upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (Haemophilus, Pneumococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus species and anaerobes are commonly found). Maxillary sinusitis is usually related to impaired antral drainage, which may be caused by: 1. 2.
What are sinuses anatomy?
sinus, in anatomy, a hollow, cavity, recess, or pocket; a large channel containing blood; a suppurating tract; or a cavity within a bone. Two types of sinus, the blood-filled and the air-filled sinuses, are discussed in this article.
What are the 5 sinuses?
Maxillary sinuses (in our cheeks below our eyes) Anterior ethmoid sinuses ( a honeycomb of small chambers between our eyes and below the skull base brain) Posterior ethmoid sinuses ( honeycomb of sinuses just behind the anterior ethmoid sinuses) Frontal sinuses in the forehead region.
What are the 5 radiographic densities?
The five basic radiographic densities: air, fat, water (soft tissue), bone, and metal. Air is the most radiolucent (blackest) and metal is the most radiopaque (whitest).
Which projection is best for the examination of the maxillary sinus?
The Waters view, or occipitomental view, is considered the best projection for evaluating maxillary sinuses, while the Caldwell view, or occipitofrontal view, is used primarily for the frontal and ethmoid sinuses. Sensitivity, however, is relatively low for all sinuses (25-41%) except for maxillary sinusitis (80%).
What causes pain in maxillary sinus?
Maxillary Sinusitis
Sinusitis may be due to either a bacterial infection or an allergen. With an acute infectious maxillary sinus, there will usually be an acute ache in the dentition in close proximity or contact with the sinus floor. Percussion tenderness is common on all teeth in a specific quadrant.
What causes a blocked maxillary sinus?
Infections in your respiratory tract — most commonly colds — can inflame and thicken your sinus membranes and block mucus drainage. These infections can be caused by viruses or bacteria. Allergies such as hay fever. Inflammation that occurs with allergies can block your sinuses.
What is the treatment for maxillary sinus?
Rather, treatment is based on topical nasal decongestants and saline irrigation of the nasal cavity. Topical decongestants such as ephedrine or xylometazoline constrict the nasal lining, widening the paranasal sinus ostia, facilitating drainage by ciliary activity.
What is the symptoms of maxillary sinusitis?
Pain, headache, nasal obstruction, a purulent nasal secretion and ‘postnasal drip’ (a discharge of ‘mucopus’ into the pharynx) are commonly found and there may also be fever and malaise. The pain is dull, heavy, throbbing and located over the cheek and in the upper teeth.
What are the 4 pairs of sinuses?
There are 4 pairs of the paranasal sinuses:
- Maxillary sinuses (the biggest)
- Frontal sinuses.
- Ethmoidal air cells.
- Sphenoid sinus.