What is the pathology of dengue fever?
The pathogenesis of dengue was attributed to various viral and host factors such as non-structural protein 1 (NS1) viral antigen, DENV genome variation, subgenomic RNA, antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), memory cross-reactive T cells, anti-DENV NS1 antibodies and autoimmunity.
What is the pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever?
The pathophysiology of the severe forms of dengue may be related to sequential infection with different serotypes, variations in virus virulence, interaction of the virus with environmental and host factors or a combination of these factors.
What is the key pathologic feature of dengue hemorrhagic fever?
It is characterized by the rapid onset of fever in combination with severe headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, arthralgia, gastrointestinal discomfort, and usually rash. Minor hemorrhagic manifestations may occur in the form of petechiae, epistaxis, and gingival bleeding.
What are the 4 types of dengue fever?
Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
There are four dengue virus serotypes: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. They belong to the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae (of which yellow fever virus is the type species), which contains approximately 53 viruses.
What is pathogenesis of a disease?
Pathogenesis is the process by which an infection leads to disease. Pathogenic mechanisms of viral disease include (1) implantation of virus at the portal of entry, (2) local replication, (3) spread to target organs (disease sites), and (4) spread to sites of shedding of virus into the environment.
What is the diagnostic test for dengue?
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)
For patients with suspected dengue virus disease, NAATs are the preferred method of laboratory diagnosis. NAATs should be performed on serum specimens collected 7 days or less after symptom onset.
What are the complications of dengue fever?
Severe dengue fever can cause internal bleeding and organ damage. Blood pressure can drop to dangerous levels, causing shock. In some cases, severe dengue fever can lead to death. Women who get dengue fever during pregnancy may be able to spread the virus to the baby during childbirth.
What are the 3 stages of dengue fever?
Dengue begins abruptly after a typical incubation period of 5–7 days, and the course follows 3 phases: febrile, critical, and convalescent.
Which test is for dengue?
What are the 5 stages of pathogenesis?
The stages of pathogenesis include exposure, adhesion, invasion, infection, and transmission.
What is pathological mechanism?
The pathogenic mechanisms of a disease (or condition) are set in motion by the underlying causes, which if controlled would allow the disease to be prevented.
What is WBC count in dengue?
Dengue fever is characterized by leucopenia (White Blood Cells (WBC) < 5000 cells/mm3), thrombocytopenia (< 150,000 cells/mm3), rising haematocrit (5–10%) and there should be no evidence of plasma leakage [10].
What are the 3 phases of dengue fever?
What organs are affected by dengue fever?
However, recently, atypical clinical manifestations of dengue have been reported, involving the kidney, lung, heart and central nervous system, which were also corroborated by histopathological findings revealing several areas with hemorrhage, edema and inflammatory infiltrates in these organs [24]–[28].
What are the medicine for dengue?
No treatment: No specific antiviral agents exist for dengue. Supportive care is advised: Patients should be advised to stay well hydrated and to avoid aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), aspirin-containing drugs, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen) because of their anticoagulant properties.
What is the test for dengue?
Which IV fluid is best for dengue?
An ideal intravenous fluid for patients with dengue is one that is isotonic. However, even isotonic crystalloid solutions have their limitations when used in large quantities.
What is the minimum WBC count in dengue?
What is prevention of dengue?
Use insect repellent, wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and control mosquitoes inside and outside your home. Each year, an estimated 400 million people are infected with dengue virus through the bites of infected mosquitoes. About 100 million get sick.
What are the 4 stages of infection?
10.3B: Disease Development
- Stages of Disease.
- STAGE 1: INCUBATION PERIOD.
- STAGE 2: PRODROMAL PERIOD.
- STAGE 3: ACUTE PERIOD.
- STAGE 4: CONVALESCENCE PERIOD.
What are the 7 processes in disease cycle?
The chain of events involved in disease development includes inoculation, penetration, infection, incubation, reproduction, and survival (Figure 70).
What are the four stages of pathogenesis?
To cause disease, a pathogen must successfully achieve four steps or stages of pathogenesis: exposure (contact), adhesion (colonization), invasion, and infection.
What are the 4 components of pathophysiology?
Pathophysiology includes four interrelated topics: etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment implications. Etiology refers to study of the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process.
Is CRP high in dengue?
CRP levels in patients with dengue were higher than patients with potential viral infection but lower than patients with potential bacterial infection, resulting in a quadratic association between dengue diagnosis and CRP, with levels of approximately 30 mg/L associated with the highest risk of having dengue.