What are river training structures?
‘River training’ refers to the structural measures which are taken. to improve a river and its banks. River training is an important component in the prevention and. mitigation of flash floods and general flood control, as well as in. other activities such as ensuring safe passage of a flood under a.
Is code for river training works?
River Training and Diversion Works (WRD 22)—Water Resources Division—Public Safety Standards of India.
Which of the following methods can be used for training of rivers?
Explanation: Generally seven methods are adopted for training rivers, which includes bank protection. These methods are namely; Levees, Guide Banks, Spurs, Artificial cut-offs, Pitched Islands, Miscellaneous Methods, and Pitching of Banks and provision of launching aprons.
Is code for launching apron?
The Indian Standard ‘IS 8237 : 1985 Code of practice for protection of slope for reservoir embankments ($rsl revision )’ is a necessary adjunct to this standard.
What are objectives of river training?
OBJECTIVES OF RIVER TRAINING WORKS The various objectives of river training are (i) To guide the axis of flow at ordinary and low stages and safe passage of floods without overtopping the banks, (ii) To protect the banks from erosion and generally improve their alignment by stabilizing the river channel, (iii) To train …
Why river training works are required?
1) The fundamental objective is to restrict the horizontal movement of the river channel along a certain alignment. 2) The river training work is adopted to train the river because the river in alluvial flood plains is prone to meandering and hence cause a lot of damage to life and property.
What are river Spurs?
Spurs are river engineering elements used to protect river banks from erosion and to concentrate flow to the river axis. Today, spurs are also employed for promoting environmental conditions along a river bank.
What is stone pitching?
Stone pitching consists of medium sized rock set into mortar exposing the stone and is designed to spread the flow across the hard surface and around the protruding rock. Dissipaters may also take the form of solid concrete structures constructed in the flow line or at the outlet of a high velocity drain.
What are the objects of river training works?
What are the objectives of river training?
The purpose of training a river may be to achieve one or more of the following objectives : (a) Guiding the flow appropriately, (b) Flood protection, (c) Efficient navigation, (d) Sediment control, (e) Stabilisation of the course and cross-section of river channel.
Is code for embankment design?
IS 12169: Criteria for design of small embankment dams.
Is afflux a code?
Where Cd & Co are the coefficients of discharges for weir and orifice type flows respectively. Cd and Co values are given in the IRC code, h*1 = afflux = (Du-Dd).
What is Bandalling in river training?
It envisages to provide adequate water depths during low water periods in the river channel for navigation by concentrating flow in a desired channel and closing other channels by the method of bandalling i.e., contracting the width of the river cannel with the help of groynes, etc.
What are the objectives of river?
These motives include ecosystem restoration, habitat restoration, flood control, floodplain reconnection, bank protection, sediment management, water quality, aesthetics and recreation.
What do you understand by river training works?
River Training Structures • River training implies various measures adopted on a river to direct and guide the river flow, to train and regulate the river bed or to increase the lower water depth. Purpose: • To stablish the channel along a certain alignment.
What is spur in river training work?
(3)Spurs • Spurs are heavily fortified embankments constructed in the river bed transverse to the river banks. Their main function is to control the river channel so that it may run along a specified course and protect the river banks from scouring by keeping the river course away from it.
What is difference between stone pitching and riprap?
The terms stone pitching and riprap are synonymous for these specifications. The areas to receive slope protection of any kind shall be dressed smooth to the slopes or shapes called for on the plans and shall be free from stumps, organic matter, or waste materials.
How do you calculate stone pitching?
Calculate the total volume of stone needed by using the formula: length x width x height = volume in cubic feet. For example, if the wall length is 30 feet, the width is 2 feet and the height is 3 feet. The volume of the wall is 30 x 2 x 3 = 180 cubic feet.
What is the thickness of embankment?
Embankment fill thickness: 3.8–4.2 m (7.65–8.67 t/m2) Counterweight berm thickness: 1.7 m. Thickness of soft clay layer: 9.0–11.0 m.
What are the 3 key elements of embankment dam?
Each embankment dam consists of three basic components, viz., foundation, shell, and core (##Fig.
What is afflux formula?
h*1 = afflux = (Du-Dd). Du and Dd are the upstream and downstream depths measured from the lowest bed level under the bridge taken as datum.
What is HFL in bridge?
H.F.L. : Highest flood level is the level of highest flood ever recorded or the calculated level for design discharge.
What is Aggrading river?
Aggradation (or alluviation) is the term used in geology for the increase in land elevation, typically in a river system, due to the deposition of sediment. Aggradation occurs in areas in which the supply of sediment is greater than the amount of material that the system is able to transport.
What is the function of river training?
What are the benefits of river training?
Advantages of river training work
Rivers get prevented from changing their course along their path. Flooding of the surrounding can be prevented. Banks of the river can be protected. Effective disposal of sediment load and maintaining a minimum depth in low water flows.