What are the 3 types of toxicity?
Types of toxicity
There are generally three types of toxic entities; chemical, biological, and physical. Chemicals include inorganic substances such as lead, hydrofluoric acid, and chlorine gas, organic compounds such as methyl alcohol, most medications, and poisons from living things.
What are the four types of toxicity?
The four toxicity categories, from one to four are:
- Toxicity category I is Highly toxic and Severely irritating,
- Toxicity category II is Moderately toxic and Moderately irritating,
- Toxicity category III is Slightly toxic and Slightly irritating,
- Toxicity category IV is Practically non-toxic and not an irritant.
What are the different types of toxicity?
Types. There are generally five types of toxic entities; chemical, biological, physical, radiation and behavioural toxicity: Disease-causing microorganisms and parasites are toxic in a broad sense but are generally called pathogens rather than toxicants.
What are the 5 factors of toxicity?
These factors are: (i) water temperature, (ii) dissolved oxygen, (iii) pH, (iv) salinity, (v) water hardness, and (vi) suspended and dissolved substances.
What is organ toxicity?
Target organ toxins are chemicals that can cause adverse effects or disease states manifested in specific organs of the body. Toxins do not affect all organs in the body to the same extent due to their different cell structures.
What causes toxicity?
Causes of Drug Toxicity
Drug toxicity can occur as a result of the over-ingestion of medication, causing too much of the drug to be in a person’s system at once. 1 This can happen if the dose taken exceeds the prescribed amount, or if the prescribed dosage is too high.
What are the different specific organ toxicity effects?
These include: acute toxicity, skin corrosion/irritation, serious eye damage/ eye irritation, respiratory or skin sensitization, germ cell mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and aspiration hazard.
Who developed the concept of specific toxicity?
12. Who developed the concept of specific toxicity? A. B.
…
Exercise :: Antimicrobial Chemotherapeutic Agents – Section 1.
| A. | Pencillins |
|---|---|
| B. | Choloramphenicol |
| C. | Aminoglyosides |
| D. | All of these |
What 4 factors can affect toxicity?
What Factors Influence Toxic Exposure Levels?
- Point Of Entry. A substance can only affect a person or animal by coming into physical contact with the body.
- Dosage and Toxicity. These are perhaps the two most important factors determining the hazard presented by any given substance.
- Rate Of Removal.
- Biological Variation.
What determines toxicity?
The toxicity of a substance depends on three factors: its chemical structure, the extent to which the substance is absorbed by the body, and the body’s ability to detoxify the substance (change it into less toxic substances) and eliminate it from the body.
What is the most common target organ of toxicity?
The central nervous system is the target organ of toxicity most frequently involved in systemic effects. The blood circulation system, liver, kidneys, lungs and skin follow in frequency of systemic effects.
What are the target organs?
Most of the organs and systems in the body can be a target, but the most commonly referred to as a target organ when reading a safety data sheet are: • Lungs, liver, kidney, heart, blood, or circulatory system, brain or central nervous system, and skin (yes, the skin is considered an organ.)
What is toxicity example?
A more potent chemical is more toxic. For example, sodium cyanide is more potent than sodium chloride (table salt) since swallowing a smaller amount of cyanide can poison you. The potency and, therefore, the toxicity of a chemical can be affected by its breakdown within the human body.
What is toxicity in the body?
Toxic overload is the condition of having an excessive amount of toxins in one’s body. These harmful substances come from water, food, cleaning products, and other environmental sources that many people are being exposed to it regularly.
What is specific organ toxicity?
Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) (STOT-SE) means specific non-lethal effects on organs or organ systems in the body following single exposure to a chemical.
How toxicity is measured?
Toxicity can be measured by the effect the substance has on an organism, a tissue or a cell. We know that individuals will respond differently to the same dose of a substance because of a number of factors including their gender, age and body weight. Therefore a population-level measure of toxicity is often used.
What factors determine toxicity?
How does toxicity develop?
How Does Toxicity Develop? Before toxicity can develop, a substance must come into contact with a body surface such as skin, eye or mucosa of the digestive or respiratory tract. The dose of the chemical, or the amount one comes into contact with, is important when discussing how “toxic” an substance can be.
What test is used to determine toxicity?
The use of animals in toxicity studies began in 1920, when J. W. Trevan proposed the use of the 50% lethal dose (LD50) test to determine the lethal dose of individual chemicals.
What is target organ toxicity?
Why an organ might be a target for toxicity?
What does organ toxicity mean?
What are the symptoms of toxicity?
Symptoms
- A sudden high fever.
- Low blood pressure.
- Vomiting or diarrhea.
- A rash resembling a sunburn, particularly on your palms and soles.
- Confusion.
- Muscle aches.
- Redness of your eyes, mouth and throat.
- Seizures.
What is the target organ?
A target organ is an organ in the body that is most affected by a specific chemical, drug, bacteria, or other substance. For instance, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis targets the lungs.
What are the four main factors that affect the toxicity of a substance quizlet?
What are the 4 main factors that influence drug toxicity?
Match
- Magnitude of exposure (ie. the dose)
- Route and site of exposure.
- Duration and frequency of exposure.
- The latency of the toxic response – how quickly or slowly the toxicity appears after exposure to a chemical.