What are the two types of endophthalmitis?
Etiology
- Depending on the infectious agent producing endophthalmitis, two important categories are recognized, bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis.
- In cases of post-traumatic endophthalmitis, Staphylococci and Bacillus cereus are the most common isolates.[4]
What does endophthalmitis mean?
Definition. Endophthalmitis is a purulent inflammation of the intraocular fluids (vitreous and aqueous) usually due to infection. Serious intraocular inflammatory disorder resulting from infection of the vitreous cavity. Progressive vitritis is the hallmark of any form of endophthalmitis.
What is the difference between endophthalmitis and Panophthalmitis?
The term endophthalmitis describes inflammation of the internal tissues of the eye. The term panophthalmitis describes inflammation of the internal tissues as well as external layers of the eye.
How is endophthalmitis treated?
Treatment of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis
Broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics including vancomycin and an aminoglycoside or third-generation cephalosporin. Consider adding clindamycin in intravenous drug users until Bacillus infection can be ruled out. Periocular antibiotics are sometimes indicated.
What is the most common cause of endophthalmitis?
Mould endophthalmitis is usually exogenous, occurring after eye surgery, after eye trauma, or as a result of keratomycosis (fungal corneal infection). Aspergillus and Fusarium are the most common aetiological agents.
What bacteria causes endophthalmitis?
Common causes of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis include S. aureus, B. cereus, and gram-negative organisms, including Escherichia coli, Neisseria meningitidis, and Klebsiella spp. (27, 81, 107, 142).
Can endophthalmitis Spread To Brain?
Our patient initially presented with endophthalmitis, but later developed MRI confirmed multifocal brain abscess within a duration of less than 7 days, which makes the simultaneous hematogenous spread of the pathogen from the infective foci of throat infection being more likely.
When do you repeat intravitreal antibiotics for endophthalmitis?
Another suitable antibiotic will be injected if the organism is resistant to vancomycin (gram-positive cocci) or ceftazidime/imipenem (gram-negative bacilli). In cases of fungal infection, intravitreal amphotericin B shall be given. The need for repeat intervention will be determined every 48-72 hours.
Does vision return after endophthalmitis?
In most cases of endophthalmitis, useful vision can be retained if proper treatment is instituted. However, in severe cases of bacterial endophthalmitis, blindness often occurs despite treatment.
What are symptoms of endophthalmitis?
The most common symptoms of endophthalmitis are:
- eye pain that keeps getting worse after surgery, an injection or injury to the eye.
- red eyes.
- white or yellow pus or discharge from the eyes.
- swollen or puffy eyelids.
- decreased, blurred or lost vision.
Who treats endophthalmitis?
Endophthalmitis is a medical emergency with a high risk of making you blind. The condition requires prompt diagnosis and treatment from an ophthalmologist. Endophthalmitis can be treated with antibiotics, but severe cases may require surgery.
Can endophthalmitis cause blindness?
Endophthalmitis is an infection inside the eyeball (globe). The inside of the eye is usually sealed and sterile and typically not exposed to bacteria, viruses or fungi. Because the tissues within the eyeball are very delicate, endophthalmitis is very serious and can lead to blindness or even loss of the eye itself.
Is endophthalmitis curable?
Endophthalmitis cases can be treated successfully if properly managed, and useful vision can be retained. However, in severe cases of bacterial endophthalmitis, significant vision loss can occur rapidly, despite prompt and proper treatment. During the last two decades, postoperative endophthalmitis rates have risen.