What is Christmas tree offshore?
In the oil & gas industry, a Christmas tree is a piece of heavy equipment that controls the flow produced by a well. It is a separate piece of hardware that connects to the wellhead after the drilling has ceased and the well begins pumping oil or gas.
What is a Christmas tree used for in oil and gas?
In petroleum and natural gas extraction, a Christmas tree, or “tree”, is an assembly of valves, casing spools, and fittings used to regulate the flow of pipes in an oil well, gas well, water injection well, water disposal well, gas injection well, condensate well, and other types of well.
Why is it called a subsea Christmas tree?
A design taken from their above-ground cousins, subsea trees are sometimes called xmas trees because the devices can resemble a tree with decorations. Subsea trees are used in offshore field developments worldwide, from shallow to ultra-deepwaters.
What is Christmas tree drilling?
1. n. [Drilling] The set of valves, spools, and fittings connected to the top of a well to direct and control the flow of formation fluids from the well.
What is the difference between a wellhead and Christmas tree?
Many times, the words Christmas Tree and Wellhead are used interchangeably; however, a wellhead and Christmas tree are entirely separate pieces of equipment. A wellhead must be present in order to utilize a Christmas tree and is used without a Christmas tree during drilling operations.
How does a subsea Christmas tree work?
The functional requirements of a subsea tree are broadly similar to those of a land or platform tree: It is a vital component in the well integrity barrier envelope. It attaches to the wellhead and directs flow through a series of valves to the flowline. It is used to isolate flow from the well.
What is the difference between wellhead and Christmas tree?
What is the difference between Christmas tree and wellhead?
Why gate valve is used in Christmas tree?
The lower master valve is a gate valve used to limit the amount of flow into the Christmas tree from the wellhead. It is manually actuated in most cases and is kept in a restricted, partially open position during production.
What are the components of Christmas tree?
Christmas tree includes the following components:
- Tree cap and gauge.
- Tree adapter.
- Swab valve.
- Kill wing valve.
- Production wing valve.
- Surface choke.
- Master Valves (Upper and Lower master valves)
- Tubing head adapter.
What is subsea tree used for?
Subsea trees are required to control hydrocarbon production. These complex assemblies of valves and other components are installed at the wellhead to monitor and control production flow, and manage gas or fluids injection.
What is a Christmas tree valve?
In petroleum production: Surface valves. …valves, referred to as a Christmas tree, is installed at the top of the well. The valves regulate flow from the well and allow tools for subsurface work to be lowered through the tubing on a wire line. Christmas trees may be very simple, as in those found on low-pressure…
How many valves does a Christmas tree have?
Five valves come included in a Christmas tree: The Kill Wing valve, the Swab valve, the production wing valve, the upper master valve, and the lower master valve.
What does a subsea Christmas tree do?
Installed on subsea wellhead, the tree is used to connect and support tubing string, seal off casing pipes and casing-tubing annulus, isolate borehole fluids from external sea water, control wellhead production pressure, and adjust borehole flow rates.
What is the difference between a Christmas tree control and wellhead?
How do subsea trees work?