What is intimal hyperplasia?
By definition, intimal hyperplasia is an abnormal accumulation of cells in the vascular tunica intima; the cell number is increased because of proliferation and/or migration of vascular wall cells, predominantly smooth muscle cells, often in response to a traumatic stimulus. 1.
What causes intimal thickening?
Aging is a contributing factor to increased carotid intima-media thickness. Other risk factors include high lipoprotein levels, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.
How is intimal hyperplasia treated?
Intimal hyperplasia can be repaired with patch angioplasty of the lesion, a jump bypass around the lesion, or angioplasty with a cutting balloon or atherectomy.
Where does intimal thickening occur?
Intimal thickening was predominantly found near bifurcation sites in the left anterior descending coronary artery (55.6%) and in zones free of bifurcation in the right coronary artery (75%). In conclusion, the prevalence and extension of IT lesions are higher at older ages within a young population.
What does intimal mean?
the innermost membrane
the innermost membrane or lining of some organ or part, esp. that of an artery, vein, or lymphatic. Derived forms. intimal.
What does hyperplastic mean in medical terms?
(HY-per-PLAY-zhuh) An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. These cells appear normal under a microscope.
What does intimal thickening of the carotid artery mean?
Carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) is a measure of hypertrophy of the wall of the carotid arteries involving thickening of the intima and media layers and is a widely used, noninvasive early indicator of subclinical vascular disease.
What is intimal?
the innermost membrane or lining of some organ or part, esp. that of an artery, vein, or lymphatic. Derived forms. intimal. adjective.
Can intimal thickening be reversed?
Yes, advanced arterial wall thickening or increased CIMT has been shown to be reversible if treated aggressively and appropriately. The FDA and NIH also accept CIMT (but not coronary calcium scanning) to follow patients for atherosclerotic disease progression.
What is pathological intimal thickening?
Pathologic intimal thickening in human atherosclerosis is formed by extracellular accumulation of plasma-derived lipids and dispersion of intimal smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis.
What is intimal thickening of the carotid artery?
What is intimal calcification?
Vascular calcification can occur in either the intimal or medial layers of the arterial wall. Intimal calcification is associated with atherosclerosis, which is characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammation, fibrosis and development of focal plaques.
Is hyperplastic and hyperplasia the same thing?
What does hyperplasia mean? Hyperplasia is a non-cancerous change that means an increased number of cells compared to normal. This change can only be seen when the tissue sample is examined under the microscope. Another word for hyperplasia is hyperplastic.
What is the difference between hyperplasia and neoplasia?
Hyperplasia is characterized by an increased number of cells but without modification of tissue organization. Neoplasia is a tissue neoformation linked to an excessive cell proliferation.
Is intimal thickening normal?
Blacks and men often have thicker artery walls. Normal carotid intima-media thickness for middle-aged, healthy adults is usually between 0.6-0.7 millimeters. Test results showing a thickness of more than 1.0 millimeter may mean you have a high risk of cardiovascular disease.
What is intima in atherosclerosis?
The intima is defined as the region of the arterial wall from and including the endothelial surface at the lumen to the luminal margin of the media. The internal elastic lamina, generally considered part of the media, denotes the border between intima and media.
What are the 4 stages of atherosclerosis?
Atherogenesis can be divided into five key steps, which are 1) endothelial dysfunction, 2) formation of lipid layer or fatty streak within the intima, 3) migration of leukocytes and smooth muscle cells into the vessel wall, 4) foam cell formation and 5) degradation of extracellular matrix.
What is intima-media thickness of carotid artery?
Normal carotid intima-media thickness for middle-aged, healthy adults is usually between 0.6-0.7 millimeters. Test results showing a thickness of more than 1.0 millimeter may mean you have a high risk of cardiovascular disease.
What is the difference between intimal and medial calcification?
While IAC is thought to be characterized by inflammation and lipid deposition in plaques, MAC is suggested to reflect a process of active calcification resembling bone formation [5–8].
What is the difference between atherosclerosis and calcification?
Abstract. Vascular calcification can occur in either the intimal or medial layers of the arterial wall. Intimal calcification is associated with atherosclerosis, which is characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammation, fibrosis and development of focal plaques.
What are the types of hyperplasia?
There are four types of endometrial hyperplasia. The types vary by the amount of abnormal cells and the presence of cell changes. These types are: simple endometrial hyperplasia, complex endometrial hyperplasia, simple atypical endometrial hyperplasia, and complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia.
What is an example of hyperplasia?
Hyperplasia. Basic description: Increase in the number of cells. Physiologic hyperplasia: Occurs due to a normal stressor. For example, increase in the size of the breasts during pregnancy, increase in thickness of endometrium during menstrual cycle, and liver growth after partial resection.
What is difference between hyperplasia and hypertrophy?
From the differences, we can conclude that hyperplasia is the increase in the size of a tissue or an organ due to an increased number of cells while hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ due to the swelling of individual cells.
What is the mechanism of atherosclerosis?
The molecular mechanism of atherosclerosis begins when injured endothelial cells start to increase the expression of adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which assist the progress of leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium and …
What is the difference between plaque and atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is a specific type of arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls. This buildup is called plaque. The plaque can cause arteries to narrow, blocking blood flow.