What is the 3/6 rule in aviation?
For larger aircraft, typically people use some form of the 3/6 Rule: 3 times the altitude (in thousands of feet) you have to lose is the distance back to start the descent; 6 times your groundspeed is your descent rate.
What are the 4 basic flight maneuvers?
The four fundamentals (straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents) are the principle maneuvers that control the airplane through the six motions of flight.
What are the 10 phases of flight?
Phases of Flight
- Pre-departure. This is the preparation time for flight.
- Clearance to Taxi.
- Take-off.
- Initial climb.
- Climb to cruise altitude.
- Cruise altitude.
- Descent.
- Approach.
What are the 6 fundamentals of flight?
Lift depends upon (1) shape of the airfoil (2) the angle of attack (3) the area of the surface exposed to the airstream (4) the square of the air speed (5) the air density. Weight: The weight acts vertically downward from the center of gravity (CG) of the airplane.
What is the 3 2 1 rule in aviation?
It’s called the 3-2-1 rule, and it’s the easiest way to remember the regulation. To recap, if the weather at your destination isn’t at least 3 SM of visibility and 2000′ AGL ceilings from 1 hour before to 1 hour after your ETA, you need to file an alternate.
What is rule of thumb in aviation?
A rule of thumb is a principle with broad application that is not intended to be strictly accurate or reliable for every situation. It is an easily learned and easily applied procedure for approximately calculating some value.
What is a 1 circle fight?
After the pass, both fighters may turn to engage. If the two fighters turn in the same direction (i.e.: both turn to the north), they will be traveling toward each other along the same turn circle. This type of engagement is known as “one-circle flow”.
How many fly rules are there?
2 fly rules
Explanation: There are 2 fly rules; the VFR (Visual Flight Rules) and IFR (Instrumental Fly Rules). The VFR allows the aircraft to be operated within reasonable conditions by oneself. In IFR, the operations are entirely controlled by instruments. A flight plan is required in both cases.
What do pilots say when landing?
Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliet, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu. Numbers get special treatment too.
What are the 7 stages of flight?
The general flight phases are divided into: planning phase, takeoff phase, climb phase, cruise phase, descent phase, approach phase, and taxi phase.
What are the 3 primary flight controls?
Aircraft flight control systems consist of primary and secondary systems. The ailerons, elevator (or stabilator), and rudder constitute the primary control system and are required to control an aircraft safely during flight.
What are the 3 axis of flight?
Regardless of the type of aircraft, there are three axes upon which it can move: Left and Right, Forwards and Backwards, Up and Down. In aviation though, their technical names are the lateral axis, longitudinal axis and vertical axis. The lateral axis runs from wing tip to wing tip.
How many bags of liquids can you carry-on?
You are allowed to bring a quart-sized bag of liquids, aerosols, gels, creams and pastes in your carry-on bag and through the checkpoint. These are limited to travel-sized containers that are 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item.
What is the 3 to 1 rule in aviation?
A general rule of thumb for initial IFR descent planning in jets is the 3 to 1 formula. This means that it takes 3 NM to descend 1,000 feet. If an airplane is at FL 310 and the approach gate or initial approach fix is at 6,000 feet, the initial descent requirement equals 25,000 feet (31,000–6,000).
What is a 3 degree glide slope?
For a 3 degree glideslope, required rate of descent in feet per minute is approximately equal to ground speed in knots multiplied by 5. From the above, at 120 knots GS, the rate of descent to maintain a 3 degree glideslope is approximately 600 fpm.
What is a split S in flying?
The split S is an air combat maneuver mostly used to disengage from combat. To execute a split S, the pilot half-rolls their aircraft inverted and executes a descending half-loop, resulting in level flight in the opposite direction at a lower altitude.
Why do fighter pilots roll?
The maneuver is used to slow the approach of a fast moving attacker while conserving the airspeed energy. The maneuver is performed by reducing the angle at which the aircraft is banking during a turn, and pulling back on the stick, bringing the fighter up into a new plane of travel.
What is maximum turn rate?
The maximum rate of turn occurs when the aeroplane is changing direction at the highest possible rate, ie, maximum degrees turned through in minimum time. In most light two-seat training aeroplanes, the angle of bank during this exercise is approximately 60 degrees.
What is VFR and IFR?
There are two sets of rules for flying any aircraft: VFR and IFR. VFR stands for Visual Flight Rules. IFR stands for Instrument Flight Rules. Depending on the weather conditions a pilot may opt for one set of rules or the other. Mostly, it’s the weather that makes the pilot fly VFR or IFR.
Why do pilots say blue?
The callout from the pilots like “LOC blue” serves to remind themselves of the current flight guidance modes, and to maintain awareness of mode changes. This is also to ensure that their mental idea of “what the aircraft will do next” is up to date and fits to the current flight situation.
Why do pilots say super?
Pilots of “heavy” and “super” aircraft are required to announce their category at the end of their call sign. This helps ATC and reminds everyone that these airplanes need more space than other categories.
What are the 5 critical phases of flight?
Critical phases of flight are the take-off run, the take-off flight path, the final approach, the landing, including the landing roll, and any other phases of flight at the discretion of the commander.
What are the 5 phases of flight?
The requirement organization of the avionics system
The general flight phases are divided into: planning phase, takeoff phase, climb phase, cruise phase, descent phase, approach phase, and taxi phase.
What are the 3 axes of rotation?
These three axes, referred to as longitudinal, lateral and vertical, are each perpendicular to the others and intersect at the aircraft centre of gravity. Motion around the longitudinal axis, the lateral axis and the vertical axis are referred to as roll, pitch and yaw respectively.
What are the different types of flaps?
There are four basic types of flaps: plain, split, Fowler and slotted.