What is the 421 rule?

Traditionally, the first step in determining the hourly fluid requirements for a child described by Holliday and Segar and coined as the “4/2/1” rule: For children < 10 kg their hourly fluid needs are body weight (kg) x 4. For children 10-20 kg, their hourly fluid needs are 40 ml + (BW – 10 kg) x 2 .

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How do you calculate fluid deficit and maintenance in pediatrics?

Deficit (mL) = weight (kg) x % dehydration x 10

For children with ≤5% dehydration, replace deficit in the first 24 hours.
For children with >5% dehydration, replace deficit more slowly.

What is maintenance fluid for pediatrics?

Maintenance fluids are used when a patient is NPO. Maintenance fluids consist of water, glucose, sodium, and potassium. The glucose prevents starvation ketoacidosis and decreases the likelihood of hypoglycemia.

What is the preferred maintenance IV fluid for a pediatric patient whose electrolytes are normal?

Thus, under ordinary conditions where a patient has a normal cardiovascular status, and normal renal function, adequate electrolytes will be provided using an intravenous fluid containing ¼ normal saline (Na = approx. 35 mEq/l), with 20 mEq of potassium per liter.

How do you calculate pediatric fluids?

100 cc/kg/24 hours= 4 cc/kg/hour for the 1st 10 kg of the patient’s weight.
50 cc/kg/24 hours= 2 cc/kg/hour for the 2nd 10 kg of the patient’s weight.
20 cc/kg/24 hours= 1 cc/kg/hour for the remaining weight.

How much IV fluid do kids need?

Calculate routine maintenance IV fluid rates for children and young people using the Holliday–Segar formula (100 ml/kg/day for the first 10 kg of weight, 50 ml/kg/day for the next 10 kg and 20 ml/kg/day for the weight over 20 kg).

When does a child need IV fluids?

Moderate: If your child is moderately dehydrated (5% to 10% total body weight loss), the doctor may place a tube into a vein (intravenous line or “IV”) to provide fluids to rehydrate the child.

How do you give IV fluids to pediatrics?

Calculate routine maintenance IV fluid rates for term neonates according to their age, using the following as a guide:

From birth to day 1: 50–60 ml/kg/day.
Day 2: 70–80 ml/kg/day.
Day 3: 80–100 ml/kg/day.
Day 4: 100–120 ml/kg/day.
Days 5–28: 120–150 ml/kg/day.

Which is the ideal IV fluid in children?

1. If children and young people need IV fluid resuscitation, use glucose-free crystalloids that contain sodium in the range 131–154 mmol/litre, with a bolus of 20 ml/kg over less than 10 minutes.

What are common IV fluids used in paediatrics?

Choice of fluid

Use isotonic crystalloid that contains sodium with added glucose (e.g. 0.9% sodium chloride + 5% glucose). If there are ongoing losses (e.g. diarrhoea, vomiting) supplement with potassium (e.g. 10 mmol/L).

How do you calculate fluids for kids?

For infants 3.5 to 10 kg the daily fluid requirement is 100 mL/kg. For children 11-20 kg the daily fluid requirement is 1000 mL + 50 mL/kg for every kg over 10. For children >20 kg the daily fluid requirement is 1500 mL + 20 mL/kg for every kg over 20, up to a maximum of 2400 mL daily.

How is pediatric dehydration treated?

Severe dehydration should be treated with intravenous fluids until the patient is stabilized (i.e., circulating blood volume is restored). Treatment should include 20 mL per kg of isotonic crystalloid (normal saline or lactated Ringer solution) over 10 to 15 minutes.

How can you tell if a 5 year old is dehydrated?

Signs and symptoms of dehydration

dizziness or light-headedness.
nausea or headaches.
dark yellow or brown urine (wee) – urine should be pale yellow.
fewer wet nappies or nappies not as wet as usual; or older children will not go to the toilet as much.
dry lips, tongue, mouth or throat.

What are the 5 signs of dehydration?

Dehydration

feeling thirsty.
dark yellow and strong-smelling pee.
feeling dizzy or lightheaded.
feeling tired.
a dry mouth, lips and eyes.
peeing little, and fewer than 4 times a day.

What type of fluid should be given to a dehydrated child?

How do you calculate IV fluids in pediatrics?

Can kids have liquid IV?

safe for kids? Liquid I.V. Hydration Multiplier and Hydration Multiplier+ Immune Support are safe for kids over the age of 4.

What are 2 warning signs of dehydration?

Some of the early warning signs of dehydration include:

feeling thirsty and lightheaded.
a dry mouth.
tiredness.
having dark coloured, strong-smelling urine.
passing urine less often than usual.

What’s the best fluid for dehydration?

The 7 Best Drinks for Dehydration

Water. As you can imagine, water is one of the best drinks to fight dehydration.
Electrolyte-Infused Water. What’s even better than water?
Pedialyte.
Gatorade.
Homemade Electrolyte-Rich Drink.
Watermelon.
Coconut Water.

What is the maintenance IV fluid rate for an 8 kg child?

Is it OK to give a child Gatorade?

Gatorade is not a particularly healthy drink choice and should not be given on a daily basis. A typical 600ml or (20 fl oz) gatorade will exceed the recommended 25g daily sugar intake for 2-18 year olds and close to 1/3rd of the recommended 800mg of salt intake for 2-3 year olds .

Is Liquid I.V. better than Pedialyte?

Pedialyte and Liquid IV are both based on the World Health Organization’s oral rehydration solution, so they’re nearly identical in terms of electrolytes, minerals, salts, and sugars. Liquid IV additionally contains B vitamins, vitamin A, and vitamin C that Pedialyte does not have.

What blood test shows dehydration?

“A serum osmolality test measures the freezing point of blood serum to show how concentrated a sample of blood is. People’s blood becomes more concentrated as they become dehydrated.

What is the fastest way to cure dehydration?

The fastest way to cure dehydration is to take an oral rehydration solution and treat the underlying cause of fluid loss. With mild or moderate dehydration, drinking plenty of fluids should be enough to replenish your fluids.

What hydrates faster than water?

milk
Research shows that milk is one of the best beverages for hydration, even better than water or sports drinks. Researchers credit milk’s natural electrolytes, carbohydrates, and protein for its effectiveness.

What is the 421 rule?