What is the meaning of pharmacogenetics?
(FAR-muh-koh-jeh-NEH-tix) The study of how a person’s genes affect the way he or she responds to drugs. Pharmacogenetics is being used to learn ahead of time what the best drug or the best dose of a drug will be for a person. Also called pharmacogenomics.
Who coined the term pharmacogenetics?
While the term “pharmacogenetics” was coined by Friedrich Vogel in 1959, the relevance of inherited genetic traits in affecting the clinical outcome to xenobiotics has been observed long before.
When did pharmacogenetics start?
Introduction. The term pharmacogenetics has been in use since 1959. Pharmacogenetics was first used in relation to phenotypic variation in metabolism and response to certain drugs. This was well established to be a common phenomenon in the case of some drug treatments by the end of the 1950s.
What are the two goals of pharmacogenetics?
Pharmacogenetics is the study of inherited variation in drug response. The goal of pharmacogenetics is to develop novel ways of maximizing drug efficacy and minimizing toxicity for individual patients.
What is an example of pharmacogenetics?
Example: Depression and Amitriptyline. The breakdown of the antidepressant drug amitriptyline is influenced by two genes called CYP2D6 and CYP2C19. If your doctor prescribes amitriptyline, he or she might recommend genetic testing for the CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genes to help decide what dose of the drug you need.
What are the benefits of pharmacogenetics?
Benefits of pharmacogenomics
- More powerful medicines.
- Better, safer drugs the first time.
- More accurate methods of determining appropriate drug dosages.
- Advanced screening for disease.
- Better vaccines.
- Improvements in the drug discovery and approval process.
- Decrease in the overall cost of health care.
What is another name for pharmacogenomics?
Pharmacogenomics (also known as pharmacogenetics) is the study of how our genes affect the way we react and respond to medications. The word “pharmacogenomics” comes from the words pharmacology (the study of the uses and effects of medications) and genomics (the study of genes and their functions).
What is the history of pharmacogenomics?
History. Pharmacogenomics was first recognized by Pythagoras around 510 BC when he made a connection between the dangers of fava bean ingestion with hemolytic anemia and oxidative stress. This identification was later validated and attributed to deficiency of G6PD in the 1950s and called favism.
What are examples of pharmacogenetics?
Pharmacogenetics is the study of how people respond differently to drug therapy based upon their genetic makeup or genes.
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Strong inhibitors include:
- ciprofloxacin (CYP1A2)
- clopidogrel (CYP2C8)
- fluoxetine (CYP2C19 and CYP2D6)
- danoprevir, ritonavir, itraconazole, clarithromycin, and grapefruit juice. (CYP3A)
What are the risks of pharmacogenetics?
Potential risks of pharmacogenetics included health care rationing, misuse of information, and stigma to individuals and the AN community. Potential rewards included decreased care costs, improved outcomes, and community development.
What is the difference between pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics?
Pharmacogenetics is the study of genetic causes of individual variations in drug response whereas pharmacogenomics deals with the simultaneous impact of multiple mutations in the genome that may determine the patient’s response to drug therapy.
Why is pharmacogenetics important?
Pharmacogenomics can improve your health by helping you know ahead of time whether a drug is likely to benefit you and be safe for you to take. Knowing this information can help your doctor find medicine that will work best for you.
What is the difference between pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics?
What is the goal of pharmacogenetics?
Pharmacogenomics (sometimes called pharmacogenetics) is a field of research that studies how a person’s genes affect how he or she responds to medications. Its long-term goal is to help doctors select the drugs and doses best suited for each person.
What is the role of pharmacogenetics?
How is pharmacogenomics used today?
One current use of pharmacogenomics involves people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Before prescribing the antiviral drug abacavir (Ziagen), doctors now routinely test HIV-infected patients for a genetic variant that makes them more likely to have a bad reaction to the drug.