What is the most important factor to establish attachment between an infant and caregiver?
According to attachment theory, the most important factor in the development of attachment pattern is an infant’s experience of caregiver response in times of distress. The research provides some support for this view. Parenting style has a significant impact on an infant’s attachment behaviour.
What factors influence the security of attachment in infants?
Factors affecting attachment
- abuse, maltreatment and trauma experienced by the parent or child.
- parental mental health difficulties.
- parental substance misuse.
- the child having multiple care placements.
- parents being separated from their baby just after birth, for example if the baby is receiving neonatal care.
What is the bond that develops between the infant and the caregiver?
Attachment
Attachment is a deep, strong and enduring emotional bond which develops between an infant or young child and their primary caregiver. Attachment theory, as pioneered by John Bowlby, is about how infants instinctively seek proximity to and comfort from a preferred or primary caregiver in response to stress.
What is Freud’s attachment theory?
Psychoanalytic theory according to Freud (1926), attributed the development of attachment to the satisfaction of the child’s instinctual drives by the mother. Freud stated that the emotional bond between mother and child forms as a result of the infant’s attachment to the mother as provider of food.
What are three factors that influence attachment?
The 3 factors that govern development and emergence of attachment are genetics, temperament and early life experiences. Describe genetics and its role in governing development and the emergence of attachment. John Bowlby argued that infants have an inborn, ‘primary’ drive to form attachment with a caregiver.
What are 5 factors that need to be present for good secure attachment?
The five conditions for raising a securely attached child
- The child feels safe. A child needs to feel secure and safe in their environment so as to flourish.
- The child feels seen and known.
- The child feels comforted.
- The child feels valued.
- The child feels support for being their best self.
What are the four factors of attachment?
Characteristics of Attachment
There are four basic characteristics that basically give us a clear view of what attachment really is. They include a safe heaven, a secure base, proximity maintenance and separation distress. These four attributes are very evident in the relationship between a child and his caregiver.
What is the concept of infant attachment?
Attachment is the deep emotional bond between a baby and the person who provides most of their care. Just as most parents feel a strong connection with their newborn after birth, babies also become attached to their parents. Attachment takes place throughout a child’s development, but this document focuses on babies.
How do infants form attachments with their primary caregiver?
During infancy, attachment grows through eye contact, through touch and closeness, through hearing and mirroring one another. It grows when parents soothe and attune to their baby’s needs in daily life.
What is John Bowlby’s theory of attachment?
Bowlby defined attachment as a “lasting psychological connectedness between human beings.” His ethological theory of attachment suggests that infants have an innate need to form an attachment bond with a caregiver.
What is Erikson’s theory of attachment?
Attachment theory stems from the relationship that one as an infant has with their caregiver. During this stage the infant develops an emotional bond with caregiver, and this bond provides comfort and security. When this connection between them is damaged, the child develops insecure attachment.
What is the most important factor in attachment?
Quality caregiving: When caregivers respond quickly and consistently, children learn that they can depend on the people who are responsible for their care, which is the essential foundation for attachment. This is a vital factor.
What are the 4 types of attachment?
These are:
- secure attachment.
- anxious-insecure attachment.
- avoidant-insecure attachment.
- disorganized-insecure attachment.
What is the most important determinant of infant attachment?
The major determinant of the infant’s pattern of attachment (secure, avoidant, ambivalent, or disorganized) appears to be the quality of care the primary caregiver(s) provides.
What are the 3 characteristics of attachment?
1) Proximity Maintenance – The desire to be near the people we are attached to. 2) Safe Haven – Returning to the attachment figure for comfort and safety in the face of a fear or threat. 3) Secure Base – The attachment figure acts as a base of security from which the child can explore the surrounding environment.
What are the 4 types of attachments?
What are the 4 infant attachment styles?
Of the four patterns of attachment (secure, avoidant, resistant and disorganized), disorganized attachment in infancy and early childhood is recognized as a powerful predictor for serious psychopathology and maladjustment in children (2,18–24).
What factors influence attachment?
Income and family size, parental age and education, major stressful events, such as loss of a parent, birth of a sibling, severe illness, marital relationships and breakdown affect the quality of attachment relationships [13-19].
What are the 4 stages of John Bowlby’s attachment theory?
Pre attachment Phase (Birth – 6 Weeks) “Attachment in Making” Phase ( 6 Weeks – 6 to 8 Months) “Clear Cut” Attachment Phase ( 6-8 Months to 18 Months-2 Years) Formation Of Reciprocal Relationship (18 Months – 2 Years and on)
What are the 4 attachment styles Bowlby?
Bowlby identified four types of attachment styles: secure, anxious-ambivalent, disorganised and avoidant.
What is the attachment theory Bowlby?
Bowlby’s evolutionary theory of attachment suggests that children come into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others, because this will help them to survive. A child has an innate (i.e. inborn) need to attach to one main attachment figure.
What are the 8 stages of Erikson’s psychosocial development?
Understanding Erikson’s 8 Stages of Development
- Infancy – Basic trust versus mistrust.
- Toddler – Autonomy versus shame and doubt.
- Preschool-age – Initiative versus guilt.
- School-age – Industry versus inferiority.
- Adolescence – Identity versus identity confusion.
- Young adulthood – Intimacy versus isolation.
What are the 3 attachment styles?
Based on these observations, Ainsworth concluded that there were three major styles of attachment: secure attachment, ambivalent-insecure attachment, and avoidant-insecure attachment.
What is Type A attachment?
Mary Ainsworth classified infants into one of three attachment styles; insecure avoidant (‘A’), secure (‘B’), or insecure ambivalent (‘C’). A fourth attachment style known as disorganized was later identified (Main & Solomon, 1990).