What is VP16?
VP16 is a transcription factor of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 that is involved in the activation of the viral immediate-early genes (Flint and Shenk, 1997; Wysocka and Herr, 2003).
How does VP16 work?
VP16 activates transcription of immediate early viral genes by using its amino-terminal sequences to attach to one or more host-encoded proteins that recognise DNA sequences in their promoters.
How does vp 16 become available in a newly infected cell?
Once the host cell is infected, VP16 is released by the virions and together with two cell factors, HCF-1 and Oct-1, to form a transcriptional regulatory complex through its conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), also named the VP16-induced complex-forming domain (VIC), which binds to the promoter of IE genes stably.
What is the GAL4 VP16 fusion gene?
Fusion of GAL4-VP16 to a steroid-binding domain provides a tool for gratuitous induction of galactose-responsive genes in yeast. Gene.
Where does carboplatin come from?
History. Carboplatin was discovered at Michigan State University, and developed at the Institute of Cancer Research in London. Bristol-Myers Squibb gained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for carboplatin, under the brand name Paraplatin, in March 1989.
What is the role of p53?
Normal Function The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing (proliferating) too fast or in an uncontrolled way.
What is the function of Gal4?
Gal4 activates transcription by recruiting coactivators and the general transcription machinery to promoter regions through its activation domain (Fig 1). Important questions remain as to what are the functional targets of Gal4 and whether it contacts one or many proteins during the process of recruitment.
How does Gal4 work?
Gal4 is a transcriptional activator that binds to UAS enhancer sequences found in DNA. It then recruits transcription machinery to the site to induce gene expression. Thus, genes and siRNA encoded downstream of the UAS sequence are only expressed when Gal4 is expressed.
How does GAL4 work?
What type of drug is carboplatin?
Descriptions. Carboplatin belongs to the group of medicines known as alkylating agents. It is used to treat cancer of the ovaries. It may also be used to treat other kinds of cancer, as determined by your doctor.
What kind of chemo is carboplatin?
Drug type: Carboplatin is an anticancer drug (“antineoplastic” or “cytotoxic”) chemotherapy drug. Carboplatin is classified as an “alkylating agent.”
What is the purpose of transcription and translation?
The purpose of transcription is to make RNA copies of individual genes that the cell can use in the biochemistry. The purpose of translation is to synthesize proteins, which are used for millions of cellular functions. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template.
What is the meaning of transactivator?
To stimulate the transcription of (a gene in a host cell) by binding to DNA. Genes can be transactivated naturally by a virus or cellular protein or artificially by the insertion of a transactivator gene and segment of DNA into a cell. trans′ac·ti·va′tion n.
What are transactivators in HIV?
Transactivation can be triggered either by endogenous cellular or viral proteins, also called transactivators. These protein factors act in trans (i.e., intermolecularly). HIV and HTLV are just two of the many viruses that encode transactivators to enhance viral gene expression.
What is natural transactivation?
Natural transactivation. These protein factors act in trans ( i.e., intermolecularly ). HIV and HTLV are just two of the many viruses that encode transactivators to enhance viral gene expression. These transactivators can also be linked to cancer if they start interacting with, and increasing expression of, a cellular proto-oncogene.
How do you know when a transactivator is being expressed?
Because the expression of the transactivator gene can be controlled, transactivation can be used to turn genes on and off. If this specific promoter region is also attached to a reporter gene, we can measure when the transactivator is being expressed.