What was the Shah Commission Report?
Shah Commission was a commission of inquiry appointed by Government of India in 1977 to inquire into all the excesses committed in the Indian Emergency (1975 – 77). It was headed by Justice J.C. Shah, a former chief Justice of India.
What reason did the government give for declaring a national emergency in 1975?
The final decision to impose an emergency was proposed by Indira Gandhi, agreed upon by the president of India, and thereafter ratified by the cabinet and the parliament (from July to August 1975), based on the rationale that there were imminent internal and external threats to the Indian state.
What is MB Shah Committee?
The Government of India has set up Shri Justice M. B. Shah Commission. of Inquiry for Illegal Mining of Iron Ore and Manganese vide Notification No. S.O. 2817(E) dated 22nd November, 2010. In exercise of its powers, the. Commission has submitted its recommendations on illegal mining in the State.
Why was Nanavati AYOG formed?
Detailed Solution. The Justice G.T. Nanavati commission was a one-man commission headed by Justice G.T. Nanavati, a retired Judge of the Supreme Court of India in May 2000, to investigate the “killing of innocent Sikhs” during the 1984 anti-Sikh riots.
How many times India declared Emergency?
Such an emergency was declared in India in the 1962 war (China war), 1971 war (Pakistan war), and 1975 internal disturbance (declared by Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed ).
What is Article 356 of the Constitution?
In India, President’s rule is the suspension of state government and imposition of direct Union government rule in a state. .Under Article 356 of the Constitution of India, if a state government is unable to function according to Constitutional provisions, the Union government can take direct control of the state …
Which commission has been appointed to probe illegal mining across the country?
Union government commission to probe illegal mining
Handique, announced that the investigation spanning Karnataka, Orissa and Jharkhand, will submit a report in 6 months.
Who is the head of the special investigation team formed by the government of India on black money?
judge M.B. Shah
After coming to power, Prime Minister Narendra Modi formed a Special Investigation Team (SIT) in black money case to be headed by former Supreme Court judge M.B. Shah.
Who set up Nanavati Commission?
Nanavati commission was a one-man commission headed by Justice G.T. Nanavati, a retired Judge of the Supreme Court of India, appointed by the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government in May 2000, to investigate the “killing of innocent sikhs” during the 1984 anti-Sikh riots.
Who investigated Gujarat riots?
Early in 2003, the state government of Gujarat set up the Nanavati-Shah commission to investigate the entire incident, from the initial one at Godhra to the ensuing violence. The commission was caught up in controversy from the beginning.
What are the three types of emergencies?
The President can declare three types of emergencies — national, state and financial emergency in a state.
What is Article 356 of the Indian Constitution?
What is Article 350A?
Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances- Every person shall be entitled to submit a representation for the redress of any grievance to any officer or authority of the Union or a State in any of the languages used in the Union or in the State, as the case may be. Article 350A.
What is Article 324 of the Constitution?
Article 324 of the Constitution provides that the power of superintendence, direction and control of elections to parliament, state legislatures, the office of president of India and the office of vice-president of India shall be vested in the Election Commission.
What is illegal mining in India?
Illegal mining is mining activity that is undertaken without state permission, in particular in absence of land rights, mining licenses, and exploration or mineral transportation permits.
What are penalties of illegal mining?
(i) Penalty for illegal mining was made more stringent by amendment of the MMDR Act in 2015. Penalties for contravention of Section 4(1) and 4(1A) of the Act have been increased from Rs. 25 thousand per hectares to Rs. 5 Lakh per hectare and the term of imprisonment has been increased from 2 years to 5 years.
Which country has most black money?
The total amount of black money deposited in foreign banks by Indians is unknown. Some reports claim a total of US $10.6 – $11.4 trillions is held illegally in Switzerland.
Why Swiss bank is famous for black money?
But most experts believe that the official data given by the Swiss banks is that of the legal wealth parked by Indians there. The black money reaches Swiss banks after travelling through 5-6 tax havens, like Jersey Island To Havana.
Why was Nanavati Commission formed?
For what purpose was the Nanavati Commission formed?
The Nanavati-Mehta Commission is the commission of inquiry appointed by the government of Gujarat to probe the Godhra train burning incident of 27 February 2002. Its mandate was later enlarged to include the investigation of the 2002 Gujarat riots. It was appointed on 6 March 2002, with K. G.
How many Muslims were killed in Gujarat riots?
According to an official estimate, 1,044 people were killed during the 2002 Gujarat riots – 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus.
Who started Gujarat riots?
On February 27, 2002, a train filled with Hindu pilgrims returning to Gujarat from Ayodhya was burnt by a mob in Godhra. At least 58 Hindu pilgrims were killed. Consequentially, on February 28, Hindu mobs set out blaming Muslims for the deaths of the pilgrims, resulting in spiral of violence.
What are the 12 fundamental rights?
Under this section, we list the fundamental rights in India and briefly describe each of them.
- Right to Equality (Articles 14 – 18)
- Right to Freedom (Articles 19 – 22)
- Right against Exploitation (Articles 23 – 24)
- Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25 – 28)
- Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29 – 30)
What are 5 emergency situations?
Five emergency situations include chest pain, choking, stroke, heavy bleeding and severe head injury.
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Two questions often asked about emergencies
- Is it safe to move the person having an emergency?
- Will the ambulance be faster?
What did Article 370 do?
Jammu and Kashmir was administered by India as a state from 1952 to 31 October 2019, and Article 370 conferred on it the power to have a separate constitution, a state flag, and autonomy of internal administration.