What are indications for fresh frozen plasma?

What are indications for fresh frozen plasma?

FFP is indicated for bleeding caused by vitamin K deficiency and bleeding (or high risk of bleeding) due to DIC. It is also indicated for the treatment of congenital deficiencies of single clotting factors, when the specific concentrate is not available (Grade of recommendation: 2C)4,71–74.

What is a benefit of using PCC instead of FFP?

PCC contains significantly higher amounts of the clotting factors compared to FFP; one dose of PCC equals 8 to 16 units of FFP. Quick administration: The large amount of FFP takes much longer to infuse, whereas PCC can be administered over a few minutes and provides immediate reversal in life-threatening bleeding.

Which condition is best treated with fresh frozen plasma?

Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is used for patients with a coagulopathy who are bleeding or at risk of bleeding, and where a specific therapy or factor concentrate is not appropriate or unavailable.

When should you not use fresh frozen plasma?

FFP is not recommended unless there is ongoing bleeding or there is a significant blood clotting problem. That is, FFP is not used in people to reverse warfarin if there is no bleeding, even for an INR > 9 unless they need urgent surgery. It is also not used in elective surgery, or non-emergency surgery.

Why is FFP given when a patient is bleeding?

FFP contains procoagulant and anti-fibrinolytic factors, which might replenish those lost through acute bleeding. When patients are resuscitated with FFP rather than crystalloid or colloid, they are less likely to develop a dilutional coagulopathy. FFP contains fibrinogen, which replenishes losses during bleeding.

When should FFP be given prior to surgery?

Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists (SCA) Guidelines [25] The guidelines focus on cardiac surgery and recommend that FFP transfusion is indicated if excessive bleeding with coagulation factor deficiency and/or if ROTEM/TEG show signs of factor deficiency.

Is Octaplex a PCC?

Octaplex is a modern, double virus safeguarded PCC with balanced content of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, which ensures fast onset of action and efficacious treatment, i.e. rapid correction of international normalized ratio (INR).

When do we use PCC?

PCC can be used to oxidize primary alcohols into aldehydes, or secondary alcohols into ketones. The starting material shown is a secondary alcohol, so the product will be a ketone (a carbonyl ( ) group where the carbonyl carbon is also attached to two other carbons).

Does FFP increase hemoglobin?

FFP, platelets and cryoprecipitate are used for the prevention and treatment of bleeding.
…
Table 38.1.

Can FFP be given to any blood group?

The typical administration rate is 10-20mL/kg/hr, but this may vary depending on the patient’s condition. ABO group identical FFP should be given whenever possible; if not possible, FFP of a different ABO group may be acceptable as guided in the blood group selection table. only be given to group O recipients.

What are the advantages of fresh frozen plasma?

Fresh frozen plasma is used for management and prevention of bleeding, as a coagulation factors replacement, and to treat thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).

When do you give FFP for elevated INR?

In general, FFP should be transfused when clotting studies become abnormal, including a prolonged prothrombin time (PT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Nonsurgical bleeding in children who receive more than 1 blood volume of PRBCs frequently require FFP due to factor V and VIII deficiency.

When is Octaplex used?

Octaplex should be used for the rapid reversal of warfarin or other vitamin K antagonists (e.g. phenindione, acenocoumarol) in cases of life, limb or sight-threatening haemorrhage or prior to emergency surgery with high risk of bleeding.

When is Octaplex given?

In patients with acquired deficiency of the vitamin K dependent coagulation factors (e.g. as induced by treatment with vitamin K antagonists), Octaplex should only be used when rapid correction of prothrombin complex levels is necessary, such as major bleeding or emergency surgery.

What happens when you add PCC?

PCC oxidizes alcohols one rung up the oxidation ladder, from primary alcohols to aldehydes and from secondary alcohols to ketones. In contrast to chromic acid, PCC will not oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids.

Why is PCC an oxidizing agent?

Using Pcc : Example Question #2

PCC is an oxidizing agent. It converts alcohols to carbonyls, but is not strong enough to convert a primary alcohol into a carboxylic acid. It only converts primary alcohols to aldehydes, and secondary alcohols to ketones.

What clotting factors are in FFP?

FFP contains all of the clotting factors, fibrinogen (400 to 900 mg/unit), plasma proteins (particularly albumin), electrolytes, physiological anticoagulants (protein C, protein S, antithrombin, tissue factor pathway inhibitor) and added anticoagulants [1, 2].

What is the universal donor for FFP?

AB
Type O blood has neither A nor B surface antigens and can donate blood cells to any other type (universal red cell donor; Table 35.1). The universal FFP donor, conversely, is AB because it will contain neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.

Do we need crossmatch for FFP?

FFP transfusions must be ABO compatible, but Rh compatibility and cross-matching are not required (Table 35.1).

Does fresh frozen plasma decrease INR?

A unit of FFP has an INR of ~1.1, but this doesn’t mean it can easily normalize the INR. There is a non-linear relationship between percentage of clotting factors and the INR, resulting in diminishing returns from each unit of FFP as the INR decreases.

Does Octaplex have heparin?

Octaplex contains heparin. Therefore, a sudden, allergy induced reduction of the blood platelet count below 100,000/µl or 50 % of the starting count may be rarely observed (thrombocytopenia type II).

What factors are in Octaplex?

Octaplex belongs to a group of medicines called clotting factors. It contains the human vitamin K dependent blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X. used when purified specific clotting factor product is not available. in your blood.

What solvent is used with PCC?

dichloromethane
PCC is soluble in many organic solvents, and especially dichloromethane at room temperature has been used in most cases, whereas DMF promotes the over-oxidation of primary alcohols into carboxylic acids.

Why do we give FFP for high INR?

In clinical practice, PT is better understood using the international normalized ratio (INR), which takes into account variability due to different thromboplastin reagents. Most commonly, FFP transfusions are administered in an effort to “correct” coagulopathy and prevent the risk of bleeding.

Does FFP need to match blood?

FFP does not need to be matched for D group.
D positive plasma components may be given to D negative recipients without the need for anti-D Ig prophylaxis.