What are the 3 stages of the citric acid cycle?

What are the 3 stages of the citric acid cycle?

Step 1: Acetyl CoA (two carbon molecule) joins with oxaloacetate (4 carbon molecule) to form citrate (6 carbon molecule). Step 2: Citrate is converted to isocitrate (an isomer of citrate) Step 3: Isocitrate is oxidised to alpha-ketoglutarate (a five carbon molecule) which results in the release of carbon dioxide.

What is the substrate for Stage 2 of the citric acid cycle?

Stage two of the cycle is catalyzed by an aconitase enzyme and begins with citrate as the substrate.

What is the role of the 2nd stage of respiration?

In eukaryotes, the second stage of cellular respiration takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria, which plays a major role in the production of ATP molecules within the cells. In this stage, a large amount of energy (ATP molecules) is produced after the complete oxidation of nutrients.

How many stages are there in the citric acid cycle?

A different enzyme catalyzes each of the eight stages in the citric acid cycle, meaning there are eight different enzymes used in the cycle. Two carbons are oxidized to CO2, and the energy from these reactions is stored in guanosine triphosphate (GTP), NADH and FADH2.

What are the steps of the citric acid cycle quizlet?

Terms in this set (8)

• Acetyl-CoA is turned into Citric Acid.
• Citric Acid is turned into Isocitrate.
• Isocitrate is turned into a-Ketoglutarate.
• a-Ketoglutarate is turned into Succinyl-CoA.
• Succinyl-CoA is turned into Succinate.
• Succinate is turned into Fumarate.
• Fumarate is turned into Malate.

What are the 8 steps of the citric acid cycle?

Steps in the Krebs Cycle

• Step 1: Citrate synthase. The first step is to put energy into the system.
• Step 2: Aconitase.
• Step 3: Isocitrate dehydrogenase.
• Step 4: α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
• Step 5: Succinyl-CoA synthetase.
• Step 6: Succinate dehydrogenase.
• Step 7: Fumarase.
• Step 8: Malate dehydrogenase.

What occurs in the first step of the citric acid cycle?

During the first step of the citric acid cycle, the acetyl group from acetyl CoA is transfered to oxaloacetate to form citrate. Citrate then undergoes four more reactions to form succinate, along with producing two molecules of carbon dioxide, two molecules of NADH, and one ATP.

Where does Stage 2 of cellular respiration take place?

the matrix

The second stage of cellular respiration, the Krebs cycle, takes place in the matrix. The third stage, electron transport, takes place on the inner membrane.

What are the 4 stages of respiration?

There are four stages: glycolysis, the link reaction, the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. During glycolysis, glucose molecules (six-carbon molecules) are split into two pyruvates (three-carbon molecules) during a sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions. This occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

What is the first product of the citric acid cycle?

In the first step of the citric acid cycle, acetyl CoAstart text, C, o, A, end text joins with a four-carbon molecule, oxaloacetate, releasing the CoAstart text, C, o, A, end text group and forming a six-carbon molecule called citrate. Step 2. In the second step, citrate is converted into its isomer, isocitrate.

What happens in the citric acid cycle?

Figure: The citric acid cycle: In the citric acid cycle, the acetyl group from acetyl CoA is attached to a four-carbon oxaloacetate molecule to form a six-carbon citrate molecule. Through a series of steps, citrate is oxidized, releasing two carbon dioxide molecules for each acetyl group fed into the cycle.

What steps in the citric acid cycle involve oxidation?

First, acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate, a four-carbon molecule, losing the CoA group and forming the six-carbon molecule citrate. After citrate undergoes a rearrangement step, it undergoes an oxidation reaction, transferring electrons to NAD+ to form NADH and releasing a molecule of carbon dioxide.

Which steps of the citric acid cycle generate CO2 quizlet?

Stage 2 – the citric acid cycle oxidizes acetyl-CoA to produce CO2, reduced electron carriers, and a small amount of ATP.

What happens in step 6 of citric acid cycle?

Succinyl CoA is converted to succinate in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase. This reaction converts inorganic phosphate, Pi, and GDP to GTP and also releases a SH-CoA group. Step 6. Succinate is converted to fumarate in a reaction catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase.

What are the three 3 stages of cellular respiration?

There are three main steps of cellular respiration: glycolysis; the citric acid (TCA) or the Krebs cycle; and the electron transport chain, where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. The TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation require oxygen, while glycolysis can occur in anaerobic conditions.

What are 3 stages of respiration?

The reactions of cellular respiration can be grouped into three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (also called the citric acid cycle), and electron transport.

What are the 4 steps of glycolysis?

The glycolytic pathway: steps, products, and regulation

• Reaction 1: glucose phosphorylation to glucose 6-phosphate.
• Reaction 2: isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate.
• Reaction 3: phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.

What are the 3 stages of respiration?

The reactions of cellular respiration can be grouped into three stages: glycolysis (stage 1), the Krebs cycle, also called the citric acid cycle (stage 2), and electron transport (stage 3). Figure below gives an overview of these three stages, which are further discussed in the concepts that follow.

What is the final product of citric acid cycle?

Products

What is the product of Kreb cycle?

Products and Functions of the Krebs Cycle
For one cycle, two molecules of carbon, three molecules of NADH, one molecule of FADH2 and one molecule of ATP or GTP are produced.

What are the 4 products of the citric acid cycle?

Products of the Citric Acid Cycle: NADH, FADH2, ATP and CO2 | Biology | JoVE.

What are the 4 redox reactions in TCA cycle?

There are only 4 types of reactions in the Krebs Cycle: Condensation, Hydration/Dehydration, Redox, and Substrate level phosphorylation.

What is the process of Kreb cycle?

The Krebs cycle or TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) or Citric acid cycle is a series of enzyme catalysed reactions occurring in the mitochondrial matrix, where acetyl-CoA is oxidised to form carbon dioxide and coenzymes are reduced, which generate ATP in the electron transport chain.

Which step of the citric acid cycle produces FADH2?

step six
In step six, an enzyme called succinate dehydrogenase converts succinate into fumarate. This step makes one FADH2.

Which citric acid cycle produces FADH2?

The CAC marks the center of interconnected energy providing pathways and cycles. In the mitochondrial matrix, enzymes of the CAC (also known as Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle -TCA) produce the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2.