What are the laboratory diagnosis of trypanosomiasis?
CSF testing is done after a parasitologic diagnosis has been made by microscopic examination of blood, lymph node aspirates, chancre fluid, or bone marrow or when indications of infection are present that justify a lumbar puncture (e.g., clinical signs and symptoms of sleeping sickness or strong serologic suspicion).
How can African trypanosomiasis be diagnosed?
(African Sleeping Sickness)
Diagnosis is by identification of the organism in blood, lymph node aspirate, or cerebrospinal fluid or sometimes by serologic tests. Treatment is with suramin, pentamidine, melarsoprol, or eflornithine, depending on the infecting subspecies, clinical stage, and drug availability.
What is the differential diagnosis of trypanosomiasis?
In stage 1 (early or hemolymphatic stage) African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), differential diagnoses of recurrent fever include malaria, HIV infection, borreliosis, brucellosis, typhoid fever, and other enteric fevers.
Which procedure uses for early diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis?
CATT (Card-Agglutination Trypanosomiasis Test). CATT is a serological test, useful for initial population screening to identify suspected cases. The test was developed in the late 1970s. It can be carried out on blood, capillary blood obtained from a finger prick, or blood from impregnated filter papers [21].
What is the pathology of trypanosomiasis?
With Trypanosoma brucei infections there is a progressive central nervous system (CNS) pathology which involves the meninges, choroid, blood-brain barrier, and immunopathological changes including perivascular infiltrations, astrocyte activation and alterations in the cytokine/mediator network.
What type of specimen is the most valuable in the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis?
Blood Smear
This technique is most sensitive in the early stages of the disease, when the number of circulating parasites is highest (≥5000/mL), particularly in T brucei rhodesiense (East African) trypanosomiasis. Trypanosoma brucei in a thin blood smear stained with Giemsa.
What is the treatment of trypanosomiasis?
The acute phase of trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) is treated with nifurtimox or benznidazole. Cases of congenital Chagas disease have been successfully treated with either drug. A single case of successful treatment of an adult with posaconazole (after failure of therapy with benznidazole) has been reported.
What is card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis?
The Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT) is a simple, rapid test for trypanosome-specific antibody detection in blood that is extensively used in endemic areas to screen for HAT.
What 3 types of diseases does Trypanosoma cause?
Trypanosomes infect a variety of hosts and cause various diseases, including the fatal human diseases sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei, and Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.
What are three diseases caused by Trypanosoma?
| African trypanosomiasis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Sleeping sickness, African sleeping sickness |
| Trypanosoma forms in a blood smear | |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| Symptoms | Stage 1: Fevers, headaches, itchiness, joint pains Stage 2: Trouble sleeping, confusion, poor coordination |
What is the cause of trypanosomiasis?
Parasites – African Trypanosomiasis (also known as Sleeping Sickness) African Trypanosomiasis, also known as “sleeping sickness”, is caused by microscopic parasites of the species Trypanosoma brucei. It is transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina species), which is found only in sub-Saharan Africa.
Which drugs used treatment of trypanosomiasis?
Medical Care. The acute phase of trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) is treated with nifurtimox or benznidazole. Cases of congenital Chagas disease have been successfully treated with either drug.
What is the causative agent of trypanosomiasis?
African Trypanosomiasis, also known as “sleeping sickness”, is caused by microscopic parasites of the species Trypanosoma brucei. It is transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina species), which is found only in sub-Saharan Africa.
What is the agent of trypanosomiasis?
What are signs and symptoms of trypanosomiasis?
Fever, severe headaches, irritability, extreme fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and aching muscles and joints are common symptoms of sleeping sickness. Some people develop a skin rash. Progressive confusion, personality changes, and other neurologic problems occur after infection has invaded the central nervous system.