What are the signs and symptoms of protein-energy malnutrition?
Early signs of protein-energy malnutrition in children include weight loss or poor weight gain, slowing of linear growth, fatigue, apathy at rest, and irritability when disturbed. Weight loss in adults may be masked by oedema.
Which is the disease caused by protein malnutrition?
Kwashiorkor is a disease that develops due to a severe dietary protein deficiency. This child, whose diet fit such a deficiency profile, presented with symptoms including edema of the legs and feet; light-colored, thinning hair; anemia; a pot-belly; and shiny skin.
What is pem and its etiology?
PEM is caused by starvation. It is the disease that develops when protein intake or energy intake, or both, chronically fail to meet the body’s requirements for these nutrients. 16. PEM has always been a common disease, and humans have adaptive mechanisms for slowing and, in most cases, arresting its progress.
Why is kwashiorkor called protein malnutrition?
Kwashiorkor, also known as “edematous malnutrition” because of its association with edema (fluid retention), is a nutritional disorder most often seen in regions experiencing famine. It is a form of malnutrition caused by a lack of protein in the diet.
What is the first indicator of protein-energy malnutrition?
Because first-level health facilities generally lack length-boards, bipedal oedema and visible severe wasting were chosen as indicators of severe malnutrition.
What are two common diseases that result from protein deficiencies?
There are two main syndromes associated with protein deficiencies: Kwashiorkor and Marasmus. Kwashiorkor affects millions of children worldwide.
What is malnutrition name two diseases caused by it?
The following is a list of diseases caused by malnutrition:
- Kwashiorkor. This is one of the most acute malnutrition of proteins in the world.
- Marasmus. This disease is caused by the very severe lack of protein and calories.
- Anemia. The most common illness which is caused by malnutrition.
- Mumps.
- Vitamin Deficiency.
What are the common characteristics signs and symptoms that you observe in a malnourished child person?
Other symptoms of malnutrition include:
- reduced appetite.
- lack of interest in food and drink.
- feeling tired all the time.
- feeling weaker.
- getting ill often and taking a long time to recover.
- wounds taking a long time to heal.
- poor concentration.
- feeling cold most of the time.
What are the symptoms of protein deficiency?
Signs and symptoms of protein deficiency
- Skin, hair and nail problems.
- Loss of muscle mass.
- Increased risk of bone fractures.
- Bigger appetite and increased calorie intake.
- Risk of infections.
- Fatty liver.
- May inhibit proper body growth in children.
What term is used to describe the many problems associated with infants and children suffering from protein deficiency?
kwashiorkor, also called protein malnutrition, condition caused by severe protein deficiency.
How do you treat PEM?
Milk-based formulas are the treatment of choice. At the beginning of dietary treatment, patients should be fed ad libitum. After 1 week, intake rates should approach 175 kcal/kg and 4 g/kg of protein for children and 60 kcal/kg and 2 g/kg of protein for adults. A daily multivitamin should also be added.
Why is PEM a concern?
The severity and clinical features of PEM indicate food deficiency in the forms of marasmus and kwashiorkor. PEM becomes life threatening when susceptibility to infectious diseases increases that would not normally be lethal (Swinburn et al., 2004).
How is PEM treated?
What are the 3 preventive measures of PEM?
Mild or moderate PEM are best judged by anthropometry; regular weighing, for monitoring growth, may be a useful control strategy. Because infections play such an important role in PEM, three practical approaches-immunization, deworming of children, and oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea–are discussed.
How do you identify kwashiorkor in children?
Symptoms of kwashiorkor
- loss of muscle mass.
- an enlarged tummy (“pot belly”)
- regular infections, or more serious or long-lasting infections.
- red, inflamed patches of skin that darken and peel or split open.
- dry, brittle hair that falls out easily and may lose its colour.
- failure to grow in height.
- tiredness or irritability.