What is Akt and ERK?
AKT, also named protein kinase B (PKB), is a primary mediator of the PI3K signaling pathway; and ERK at the end of MAPK signaling is the unique substrate and downstream effector of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK).
What does ERK protein stand for?
Abbreviations: ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase. Although other isozymes of ERK are known, ERK1 and ERK2 are the most studied.
What is the ERK1 2 pathway?
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) cascade is a central signaling pathway that regulates a wide variety of stimulated cellular processes, including mainly proliferation, differentiation, and survival, but apoptosis and stress response as well.
What is an ERK inhibitor?
ERK is a cell signal that is believed to drive the growth of many cancers. Merck started developing ERK inhibitors in 2013 to plug a gap in the treatment of melanomas and other cancers with BRAF mutations. Targeted treatments for these cancers are available, but patients often become resistant and their cancer returns.
What does ERK stand for kinase?
extracellular signal-regulated kinases
In molecular biology, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) or classical MAP kinases are widely expressed protein kinase intracellular signalling molecules that are involved in functions including the regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells.
What is Ras Raf MEK ERK pathway?
The MAPK/ERK pathway (also known as the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway) is a chain of proteins in the cell that communicates a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell.
What is ERK biology?
a | Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)–RAS-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation leads to regulation through phosphorylation of a large repertoire of substrates involved in cell proliferation, survival, growth, metabolism, migration and differentiation.
What is RAS ERK?
Is the ERK pathway involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes?
These results suggest that sustained activation of the ERK pathway in adipocytes is associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and that selective blockade of this pathway with MEK inhibitors warrants further study as a promising approach to the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Is the MAPK/ERK pathway involved in diabetic wound healing?
The activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway has been used frequently for the study of diabetic complications (22). Previous studies have also revealed that the PKC signaling pathway is involved in diabetic wound healing (23) and diabetic myocardial injury (24).
Why is the MAP/ERK pathway important for cancer?
Uncontrolled growth is a necessary step for the development of all cancers. In many cancers (e.g. melanoma ), a defect in the MAP/ERK pathway leads to that uncontrolled growth. Many compounds can inhibit steps in the MAP/ERK pathway, and therefore are potential drugs for treating cancer, e.g., Hodgkin disease.
Does extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) play a role in insulin resistance?
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.