What is blup in plant breeding?
Introduction. For decades “Best Linear Unbiased Prediction” (BLUP) has been the standard selection method in animal breeding (Henderson, 1950), where the breeding values of sires are estimated based on progeny performance to select superior genotypes and to breed superior families (Robinson, 1991).
What are blup values?
The principle of BLUP is to determine the average weight of the animals on each farm and subtract the difference from the animals on the farm with the highest weight. So if animals on farm 1 weigh 100 kg, and on farm 2 they weigh 120 kg, then you ‘punish’ the animals of farm 2 by subtracting 20 kg from their weight.
What does BLUP stand for?
BLUP
| Acronym | Definition |
|---|---|
| BLUP | Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (breeding) |
What is the mass selection?
Definition of mass selection
: selection as breeding stock of those members of a population exhibiting desirable qualities or elimination of those showing undesirable qualities : phenotypic selection — compare progeny test.
What is BLUP analysis?
Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is a standard method for estimating random effects of a mixed model. This method was originally developed in animal breeding for estimation of breeding values and is now widely used in many areas of research.
How do you get 100% on BLUP?
Increasing BLUP
To attain 100 BLUP, you must: Finish the horse’s training completion by training it in its top 3 skills, taking it for rides, and participating in competitions. Win 1st place in 20 competitions. Age the horse to ten years old.
How do you get a full BLUP on Howrse?
Make sure your horse is well trained, so that he/she does well in competition. To get 100 blups you need to win at least 20 competitions in all. Achieve a BLUP of 100 or better. After you have bolded the top three skills, have won 20 competitions, and have your horse older than ten years, the BLUP should be at 100.
What are the two types of mass selection?
It can be of two types as given below.
Who is the father of pure line theory?
Johannsen
Pureline theory: A pure line is the progeny of a single self fertilized homozygous plant. The concept of pureline was proposed by Johannsen on the basis of his studies with beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) variety called Princess.
What is best linear unbiased estimate?
The Gauss Markov theorem says that, under certain conditions, the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator of the coefficients of a linear regression model is the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE), that is, the estimator that has the smallest variance among those that are unbiased and linear in the observed output …
Who invented BLUP?
Charles Roy Henderson
In statistics, best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is used in linear mixed models for the estimation of random effects. BLUP was derived by Charles Roy Henderson in 1950 but the term “best linear unbiased predictor” (or “prediction”) seems not to have been used until 1962.
How can I make my horse BLUP faster?
Finish the horse’s training completion by training it in its top 3 skills, taking it for rides, and participating in competitions. Win 1st place in 20 competitions. Age the horse to ten years old.
Why is my horse not at 100 BLUP?
What are the methods of mass selection?
Mass selection consists of various steps, viz., selection of base population, selection of desirable plants from base population and mixing their seeds to rise next generation, evaluation in field trials, and releasing as a new variety.
What is basis of mass selection?
In mass selection, a number of individuals chosen on the basis of appearance are mated; their progeny are further selected for the preferred characteristics, and the process is continued for as many generations as is desired.
What is pure line theory?
Pure Line Theory. A pure line is the progeny of a single self fertilized homozygous plant. The concept of pureline was proposed by Johannsen on the basis of his studies with beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) variety called Princess.
Who gave bulk method?
Nilson – Ehle
2. BULK METHOD The bulk method of breeding was first used by Nilson – Ehle in 1908. This method is also known as “Mass Method” or the “The Population Method”.
Why OLS estimator is blue?
OLS estimators are BLUE (i.e. they are linear, unbiased and have the least variance among the class of all linear and unbiased estimators). Amidst all this, one should not forget the Gauss-Markov Theorem (i.e. the estimators of OLS model are BLUE) holds only if the assumptions of OLS are satisfied.
What is linearity of an estimator?
A linear estimator of is a linear combination. in which the coefficients are not allowed to depend on the underlying coefficients , since those are not observable, but are allowed to depend on the values , since these data are observable. (
How do you calculate blue estimate?
Common Approach for finding sub-optimal Estimator:
Restrict the estimator to be linear in data. Find the linear estimator that is unbiased and has minimum variance. This leads to Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) To find a BLUE estimator, full knowledge of PDF is not needed.
Why do horses refuse a jump?
Pain while working (lameness, sore back, teeth issues etc.) is the most common reason for a horse to refuse to jump and it is important that this is dealt with before addressing his training. You can nip future issues in the bud early by learning how to spot a horse in pain.
Why is mass selection important?
What are the advantages of mass selection?
Advantages and Disadvantages of Mass Selection
- Varieties developed by mass selection have wide adaptability, wide genetic base and stability.
- Rapid, simple and least expensive of plant-breeding procedures.
- Retains considerable genetic variability.
- Of use for the improvement of land races.
What are the types of mass selection?
Who gave the principle of pure line?
Wilhelm Johannsen
Abstract. In the early twentieth century, Wilhelm Johannsen proposed his pure line theory and the genotype/phenotype distinction, work that is prized as one of the most important founding contributions to genetics and Mendelian plant breeding.