What is free space optical communication system?
Free space optical (FSO) communication is the wireless transmission of data via a modulated optical beam directed through free space, without fiber optics or other optical systems guiding the light.
Why a collimated laser beam is required in an FSO link?
Particularly for large transmission distances, it is essential to direct the energy of the sender accurately in the form of a well-collimated laser beam in order to limit the often still very large loss of power between the sender and the receiver.
What is different between fiber communication and free space communication?
The difference is Free Space Optics uses an energy beam through free space, whereas Fiber Optics uses an energy beam guided through an optical cable. Free Space Optic communications may provide flexible, easy to install, and license-free line-of-sight wireless communications links.
What is optical communication used for?
Optical fiber is used by telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals, Internet communication and cable television signals. It is also used in other industries, including medical, defense, government, industrial and commercial.
What is the range of free space optics?
Currently, FSO is capable several Gbps of data, voice and video communications through the air, allowing optical connectivity without requiring fiber-optic cable or securing spectrum licenses. Links typically operate between the 780 – 1600 nm wavelengths bands and use O/E and E/O converters.
Is free space a channel?
The loss mechanisms in a free-space optical channel are virtually identical to those in a line-of-sight microwave radio channel. Signals are degraded by beam divergence, atmospheric absorption, and atmospheric scattering. Beam divergence can be minimized by collimating (making parallel) the transmitted light into…
What are the disadvantages of FSO?
4. FSO disadvantages. For terrestrial applications, the principal limiting factors are: Beam dispersion, atmospheric absorption, rain, fog, snow, interference from background light sources (including the sun), shadowing, pointing stability in wind, and pollution.
What are the advantages of optical communication?
Four Advantages of Fiber Optic Communications
- Secure Communication: Fiber optic cabling is considered one of the most secure means of communication.
- Electromagnetic Compatibility: Fiber optic cabling is resistant to many of the outside forces that degrade copper cabling.
- Speed:
- Distance:
What are the types of optical communication?
Contents
- 1.1 Semaphore line.
- 1.2 Semaphore signal flags.
- 1.3 Signal lamps.
- 1.4 Heliograph.
Who invented FSO?
D. Erhard Kube, considered to be the father of FSO. The first commercial systems with a capacity of 100 kb/s to 34 Mb/s were published in 1985. In 1999, lines with a capacity of 100–155 Mb/s were developed, and a little later 622 Mb/s data rates were obtained.
When was free space optics invented?
1880
Alexander Graham Bell pioneers FSO
In 1880, Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant Charles Sumner Tainter created the photophone, at Bell’s newly established Volta Laboratory in Washington, DC. Bell considered it his most important invention.
Which of the following are advantages of FSO?
[1] FSO systems offer a flexible networking solution that requires no license, has a high data rate, is immune to radio interference and jamming, and can be deployed anywhere in the world with proper line-of-sight between transmitter and receiver.
What are the disadvantages of OFC?
Drawbacks or disadvantages of OFC
➨OFCs are difficult to splice compare to wires usually at the starting joint and end joint. Splicing is specialized technique which requires skilled man power and expensive equipments or tools. ➨Weak strength of cable i.e. physical & tensile. ➨It requires remote electric power.
What is optical communication basics?
Optical communication is any type of communication in which light is used to carry the signal to the remote end, instead of electrical current. Optical communication relies on optical fibers to carry signals to their destinations.
What is the range of optical communication?
Optical communication employs a beam of modulated monochromatic light to carry information from transmitter to receiver. The light spectrum spans a tremendous range in the electromagnetic spectrum, extending from the region of 10 terahertz (104 gigahertz) to 1 million terahertz (109 gigahertz).
What are pros and cons of free space communication vis à vis optical Fibre communication?
Pro and Cons.
- Excellent bandwidth to cost ratio – FSO links are a very cost effective way to provide high bandwidth links over short distances.
- License free operation – many radio links require licenses.
- High Bandwidth.
- Low error rates.
- Full Duplex communications.
- Are not effected by interference.
- Inherently secure.
What are the benefits of optical fiber?
Here are six major advantages of a fibre optic network:
- Better bandwidth. Fibre optic cables have much greater bandwidth than metal cables.
- Higher bandwidth means faster speed.
- Longer transmission distances.
- Greater flexibility.
- Improved latency.
- Stronger security.
What are the 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of fiber optic?
Fibre Optic Cable Advantages & Disadvantages
- Greater Bandwidth.
- Longer Distances.
- Thin & Lightweight.
- Superior Carrying Capacity.
- Less Interference.
- High-Level Security.
- Strong, Reliable & Flexible.
- Production & Installation Cost.
Which are the five main parts of optical fibre?
A fiber optic cable consists of five main components: core, cladding, coating, strengthening fibers, and cable jacket.
What is the wavelength of O band?
between 1260nm and 1360nm
O Band. Original band (O band) ranges between 1260nm and 1360nm. In the 1970s, it was considered as the ‘original’ wavelength band because at the time, the lowest attenuation showed near this band. O band is mainly used for high-speed Ethernet transmission and Passive-Optical Network (PON) systems.
What is the frequency limit of optical fiber?
40 GHz is the frequency limit of an optical fiber. Optical fibers are transparent fibers and act as a light pipe to transmit light between its two ends.
Who invented laser communication?
The first invention was the discovery by Charles Kao and George Hockham in 1970 that glass fibers could transmit laser light [2]. The working principle of the Laser communication system is very similar to fiber optic links, but the difference is that the beam is transmitted through free space.
What is the principle of optical fiber?
Optical fiber uses the optical principle of “total internal reflection” to capture the light transmitted in an optical fiber and confine the light to the core of the fiber.
What is the basic principle of optical fibre?
total internal reflection
Optical fiber uses the optical principle of “total internal reflection” to capture the light transmitted in an optical fiber and confine the light to the core of the fiber.
What are the three types of optical fibre?
Types of Optical Fibres
- Step index-single mode fibres.
- Graded index-Single mode fibres.
- Step index-Multimode fibres.
- Graded index-Multimode fibres.