What is posterior thalamic radiation?
Acronym: The term posterior thalamic radiations refers to fiber pathways that connect the caudal parts of the thalamus with the occipital lobe and the parietal lobe through the posterior thalamic peduncle, the posterior limb of the internal capsule and other parts of the cerebral white matter ( Carpenter-1983 ).
What are the thalamic radiations?
Thalamocortical radiations are the nerve fibers between the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. Functionally, thalamocortical radiations, also called thalamocortical fibers, relay sensory or motor information from the thalamus to distinct areas of the cerebral cortex through relay neurons.
What does the posterior complex of the thalamus do?
The posterior region includes the large pulvinar nucleus, which makes up approximately 30 percent of the thalamic volume in humans. Its primary functions relate to multisensory integration and behavioral orientation. As such, it has strong connections with the parietal association cortex.
What is anterior thalamic radiation?
The anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) is a white matter (WM) fiber bundle connecting the prefrontal cortex (mainly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the thalamus through the anterior limb of the internal capsule.
What does thalamocortical mean?
Medical Definition of thalamocortical
: of, relating to, or connecting the thalamus and the cerebral cortex thalamocortical axons thalamocortical activity.
What are projection fibers?
Projection fibers of the brain, also known as projection tracts of the brain are a type of white matter tract that connects the cortex with other areas in the CNS, e.g. deep nuclei, brainstem, cerebellum or spine. They may be efferent (motor) or afferent tracts (sensory).
What are the thalamic nuclei?
The thalamic nuclei are the clusters of densely packed neuronal cell bodies that comprise the thalamus. The thalamus is an ovoid, paired gray matter structure, found in the center of the brain, just superior to the brainstem. Each side of the thalamus contains six groups of nuclei; Anterior nuclei of thalamus.
What is posterior to the thalamus?
Posterior. The posterior most aspect of the thalamus is known as the pulvinar. Each pulvinar is lateral to the pineal gland, the Habenular and posterior commissures, posterolateral to the corpora quadrigemini (superior and inferior colliculi), and superior to the medial and lateral geniculate bodies.
What sensory system is the posterior complex of the thalamus involved in?
The posterior nucleus (Po), a higher order thalamic nucleus, is a key hub of this network, receiving cortical and brainstem sensory inputs and innervating both motor and sensory whisker-related cortical areas.
What is the function of anterior thalamic nuclei?
The anterior thalamic nuclei are a vital node within hippocampal-diencephalic-cingulate circuits that support spatial learning and memory. Reflecting this interconnectivity, the overwhelming focus of research into the cognitive functions of the anterior thalamic nuclei has been spatial processing.
What is anterior thalamus?
The anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT) is a key component of the hippocampal system for episodic memory. The ANT consist of 3 subnuclei with distinct connectivity with the subicular cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and mammillary bodies.
Why do thalamic circuits oscillate?
Thalamocortical oscillation is proposed to be a mechanism of synchronization between different cortical regions of the brain, a process known as temporal binding. This is possible through the existence of thalamocortical networks, groupings of thalamic and cortical cells that exhibit oscillatory properties.
What is the limbic?
The limbic system is the part of the brain involved in our behavioural and emotional responses, especially when it comes to behaviours we need for survival: feeding, reproduction and caring for our young, and fight or flight responses.
Where are projection fibers located in the brain?
Projection fibers of the brain, also known as projection tracts of the brain are a type of white matter tract that connects the cortex with other areas in the CNS, e.g. deep nuclei, brainstem, cerebellum or spine.
What are the different types of fibres present in brain?
The main nerve tracts in the central nervous system are of three types: association fibers, commissural fibers, and projection fibers. A tract may also be referred to as a commissure, decussation, pathway or fasciculus.
What are the 3 divisions of the thalamus?
The thalamus is a paired structure located in the center of the brain. Each side can divide into three groups of thalamic nuclei: a lateral nuclear group, a medial nuclear group, and an anterior nuclear group.
Which are the three largest thalamic nuclei?
These are the largest division of the thalamic nuclei, divided into dorsal and ventral tiers of nuclei. The ventral tier nuclei are the ventral anterior (VA), ventral lateral (VL) and ventral posterior (VP) nuclei.
What happens when thalamus is damaged?
While thalamus damage primarily causes sensory problems, it can also lead to behavioral and cognitive changes. For example, many patients with a thalamus injury have incorrect speech patterns and can struggle to find the right words. Others display apathy and memory problems.
What does the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus do?
Functions in touch, body position, pain, temperature, itch, taste, and arousal.
Which part of thalamus is related to motor control?
Motor thalamus (Mthal) is implicated in the control of movement because it is strategically located between motor areas of the cerebral cortex and motor-related subcortical structures, such as the cerebellum and basal ganglia (BG).
Does the thalamus produce memory?
The thalamus has been implicated in many cognitive processes, including long-term memory. More specifically, the anterior (AT) and mediodorsal (MD) thalamic nuclei have been associated with long-term memory.
What are thalamic pacemaker cells?
a group of nuclei in the thalamus that trigger waves of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex.
Where are slow oscillations generated?
cortical networks
The slow oscillation is primarily generated within cortical networks, where it can occur in the absence of thalamocortical input, with major participation of layer 5 neurons (5–7).
What part of the brain controls emotions like anger?
The amygdala helps coordinate responses to things in your environment, especially those that trigger an emotional response. This structure plays an important role in fear and anger.
What is the emotional brain called?
the limbic system
Within MacLean’s Triune brain model, the limbic system is considered to be the ’emotional’ brain, as the component structures have been shown to display high levels of neural activity during emotional experiences.