What topics are in Biology Paper 1 Foundation?
In Paper 1 you will be assessed on topics 1–4: Cell biology; Organisation; Infection and response; and Bioenergetics. Then in Paper 2 you will answer questions on topics 5–7: Homeostasis and response; Inheritance, variation and evolution; and Ecology.
What is cell structure in biology?
A cell consists of three parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm lie intricate arrangements of fine fibers and hundreds or even thousands of miniscule but distinct structures called organelles.
Why do human skin cells need to divide GCSE?
Cells divide when: an organism grows. organisms need to replace worn-out cells. organisms need to repair damaged tissue.
What does the mitochondria do GCSE?
Ribosomes are only visible with the electron microscope.
…
Cell structures and their functions.
| Function | |
|---|---|
| Mitochondria | Organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration. |
Is GCSE biology hard?
GCSE Biology makes an appearance on this list at number 7, as one of the hardest GCSEs you can take. High volume of content, and difficult concepts to understand are two of the reasons why so many students struggle. GCSE Biology has a pass rate of 89.2% in 2018.
How long is biology paper 1 a-level?
2 hours
All A-Level exams are 2 hours. Paper 1 and 2 are worth 91 marks, Paper 3 is worth 78 marks.
What are the 4 types of cells?
The Four Main Types of Cells
- Epithelial Cells. These cells are tightly attached to one another.
- Nerve Cells. These cells are specialized for communication.
- Muscle Cells. These cells are specialized for contraction.
- Connective Tissue Cells.
What cell structure are most important?
Mitochondria are some of the most important structures in the human body. They are the site of various chemical processes involved in the synthesis of energy packets called ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Why do cells need to grow?
When we are adults many cells mature and become specialised for their particular job in the body. So they don’t make copies of themselves (reproduce) so often. But some cells, such as skin cells or blood cells are dividing all the time. When cells become damaged or die the body makes new cells to replace them.
What cells are not produced by mitosis?
Skin cells, red blood cells or gut lining cells cannot undergo mitosis. Stem cells do divide by mitosis and this makes them very important for replacing lost or damaged specialized cells.
What is the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria are tiny organelles inside cells that are involved in releasing energy from food. This process is known as cellular respiration. It is for this reason that mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell.
What are other types of cell?
There are two distinct types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Though the structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ (see prokaryote, eukaryote), their molecular compositions and activities are very similar. The chief molecules in cells are nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides.
How many people get all 9s at GCSE?
Nearly 3x more straight 9s since the last exams
This year, 2,193 students achieved all grade 9s. This is a 40 per cent drop from last year – when a staggering 3,606 students got the full flush. In 2020, 2,645 achieved straight 9s. But in 2019, this was just 837 – marking a 162 per cent rise compared to this year.
What is the hardest GCSE to pass?
The hardest GCSE to pass is Double Science with 58.1 percent of students getting a four or lower in 2021. Just 1.5 percent of students received a nine in Double Science.
What is the hardest a-level?
The 12 hardest A-Level subjects are Mathematics, Further Mathematics, History, Chemistry, Biology and Physics. The list also includes English Literature, Art, Psychology, Computer Programming and Music. You might be looking at some of these subjects and thinking, “No way!
Is biology a-level hard?
In terms of the scientific A-Levels, Biology actually ranks as one of the easier options. However, it’s probably no surprise that even this science A-Level is still considered really difficult by many students.
Who discovered cell?
Robert Hooke
Initially discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, the cell has a rich and interesting history that has ultimately given way to many of today’s scientific advancements.
What is a cell made of?
A cell has three main parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm.
What structures protect cells?
The outer lining of a eukaryotic cell is called the plasma membrane. This membrane serves to separate and protect a cell from its surrounding environment and is made mostly from a double layer of proteins and lipids, fat-like molecules.
What are cells made of?
Cells are composed of water, inorganic ions, and carbon-containing (organic) molecules. Water is the most abundant molecule in cells, accounting for 70% or more of total cell mass.
What limits cell size?
A cell must have enough surface area to bring in nutrients and export wastes from its entire volume. However, the ratio of surface area to volume decreases as a cell becomes larger. This places a limit on the largest size that a cell can be.
Which cell Cannot divide?
nerve cells
But nerve cells cannot form the centrosome and as such no spindle fibres. Hence, unlike most animal cells, nerve cells or neurons, as they are otherwise known, generally don’t divide.
Why brain cells do not divide?
There is absence of centrioles in the nerve cells and because of this they are unable to perform mitosis and meiosis and hence these cells do not divide.
Who is the father of the cell?
George Emil Palade
The legacy of a founding father of modern cell biology: George Emil Palade (1912-2008)
How many students get straight A’s?
GPA grade inflation in high schools is real: 47% of students graduate as A students — Quartz.