Which type of RNA polymerase enzyme transcribes mRNA?
Answer. Answer: RNA polymerase II (Pol II; also known as RNAP II). It transcribes protein-encoding genes into mRNA (and also the snRNA genes).
How is translation similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Translation The fundamental process of translation is same in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Members of both groups uses information present in mRNA, which is came from the DNA by transcription, to synthesize proteins with ribosome as the machinery.
Which RNA polymerase is used in transcription?
Because RNA polymerase II is responsible for the synthesis of mRNA from protein-coding genes, it has been the focus of most studies of transcription in eukaryotes.
What are the different RNAs that are transcribed by certain type of RNA polymerase?
These polymerases differ in the number and type of subunits they contain, as well as the class of RNAs they transcribe; that is, RNA pol I transcribes ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), RNA pol II transcribes RNAs that will become messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and also small regulatory RNAs, and RNA pol III transcribes small RNAs such …
Are introns translated?
Introns are the parts of a gene which don’t contribute to the final protein product. These regions are transcribed but not translated.
What is an intron vs exon?
Introns are noncoding sections of an RNA transcript, or the DNA encoding it, that are spliced out before the RNA molecule is translated into a protein. The sections of DNA (or RNA) that code for proteins are called exons.
What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic mRNA structures and translation mechanisms?
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic translations are involved in protein synthesis. The key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation is that eukaryotic translation and transcription is an asynchronous process whereas prokaryotic translation and transcription is a synchronous process.
What is the difference between translation initiation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
The key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation initiation is that prokaryotic translation initiation occurs on 70S ribosomes while eukaryotic translation initiation occurs on 80S ribosomes. Translation or protein synthesis is a biological process that takes place in the cytoplasm.
What enzyme performs translation?
Translation is catalyzed by a large enzyme called a ribosome, which contains proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Translation also involves specific RNA molecules called transfer RNA (t-RNA) which can bind to three basepair codons on a messenger RNA (mRNA) and also carry the appropriate amino acid encoded by the codon.
What are three types of RNA polymerase?
Abstract. All eukaryotes have three different RNA polymerases (RNAPs) which transcribe different types of genes. RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNA genes, RNA polymerase II transcribes mRNA, miRNA, snRNA, and snoRNA genes, and RNA polymerase III transcribes tRNA and 5S rRNA genes.
Which RNA types are involved in translation?
Which of the following is synthesized by RNA polymerase?
RNA polymerase I (Pol I) synthesizes only one type of RNA transcript called pre-ribosomal RNA (or pre-rRNA), which serves as a precursor for the 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNAs.
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein. Transcription versus Translation comparison chart.
What is translation in gene expression?
Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template. This is the second step of gene expression. Uses rRNA as assembly plant; and tRNA as the translator to produce a protein.
What are the three phases of translation?
Moreover, translation occurs via three phases namely initiation, elongation and termination. At the end of the termination phase, ribosome releases the peptide chain of the protein. What are the Similarities Between Transcription and Translation?
What is the charging of tRNA in translation?
The charging of the molecule of tRNA utilized in the process of translation refers to the linking of the tRNA molecule with an amino acid. This occurs as a result of aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetases, which reacts with the amino acid and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to form a reactive form of the amino acid, known as an aminoacyladenylic acid.